No Arabic abstract
An oscillator (IQuO) more elementary than the quantum one is formulated. This is expressed by quantum operators (a, a+), with two-components and it is composed of sub-oscillators, each with semi-quanta (1/2h). The commutation relation of the (a,a+) semi-quanta operators is then calculated and the structure by IQuO of the scalar fields is defined with and without electric charge. Processing a coupling mechanism of electrically neutral IQuO that produces a pair (matter-antimatter) with electric charge and not. Through the IQuO-structure it is possible to interpret the electric charge and the isospin (in hadrons) as rotations in an inside space in the particle. Finally, a sub-structure of the quarks is conjectured and one define in probabilistic terms the non-integer value of their electrical charge.
Oscillators and rotators are among the most important physical systems. For centuries the only known rotating systems that actually reached the limits of the ideal situation of undamped periodical motion were the planets in their orbits. Physics had to develop quantum mechanics to discover new systems that actually behaved like ideal, undamped, oscillators or rotators. However, all examples of this latter systems occur in atomic or molecular scale. The objective of the present letter is to show how the limit of ideal oscillating motion can be challenged by a man-made system. We demonstrate how a simple model electromechanical system consisting of a superconducting coil and a magnet can be made to display both mechanical and electrical undamped oscillations for certain experimental conditions. The effect might readily be attainable with the existing materials technologies and we discuss the conditions to circumvent energy losses. The result is a lossless system that might generate hundreds of Ampere of rectified electrical current by means of the periodical conversion between gravitational potential, kinetic, and magnetic energies.
It is argued that the zero point energy in quantum field theory is a reflection of the particle anti-particle content of the theory. This essential physical content is somewhat disguised in electromagnetic theory wherein the photon is its own anti-particle. To illustrate this point, we consider the case of a charged Boson theory $(pi^+,pi^-)$ wherein the particle and anti-particle can be distinguished by the charge $pm e$. Starting from the zero point energy, we derive the Boson pair production rate per unit time per unit volume from the vacuum in a uniform external electric field. The result is further generalized for arbitrary spin $s$.
A covariant non-local extention if the stationary Schrodinger equation is presented and its solution in terms of Heisenbergss matrix quantum mechanics is proposed. For the special case of the Riesz fractional derivative, the calculation of corresponding matrix elements for the non-local kinetic energy term is performed fully analytically in the harmonic oscillator basis and leads to a new interpretation of non local operators in terms of generalized Glauber states. As a first application, for the fractional harmonic oscillator the potential energy matrix elements are calculated and the and the corresponding Schrodinger equation is diagonalized. For the special case of invariance of the non-local wave equation under Fourier-transforms a new symmetry is deduced, which may be interpreted as an extension of the standard parity-symmetry.
The purpose of this note is to make a brief analysis of the physical principles upon which two methods for relating the mass of an object to fundamental physical constants are based. The two methods are, namely, the watt balance method, and a still untested experimental technique based upon a superconductor electromechanical oscillator. We show that both these methods are governed by similar equations.
Some predictions of quantum mechanics are in contrast with the macroscopic realm of everyday experience, in particular those originated by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, encoded in the non-commutativity of some measurable operators. Nonetheless, in the last decade opto-mechanical experiments have actualized macroscopic mechanical oscillators exhibiting such non-classical properties. A key indicator is the asymmetry in the strength of the motional sidebands generated in an electromagnetic field that measures interferometrically the oscillator position. This asymmetry is a footprint of the quantum motion of the oscillator, being originated by the non-commutativity between its ladder operators. A further step on the path highlighting the quantum physics of macroscopic systems is the realization of strongly non-classical states and the consequent observation of a distinct quantum behavior. Here we extend indeed the analysis to a squeezed state of a macroscopic mechanical oscillator embedded in an optical cavity, produced by parametric effect originated by a suitable combination of optical fields. The motional sidebands assume a peculiar shape, related to the modified system dynamics, with asymmetric features revealing and quantifying the quantum component of the squeezed oscillator motion.