We show that the invariants of a free associative algebra of finite rank under a linear action of a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra generated by group-like and skew-primitive elements form a finitely generated algebra exactly when the action is scalar. This generalizes an analogous result for group actions by automorphisms obtained by Dicks and Formanek, and Kharchenko.
In 1992, following earlier conjectures of Lichtman and Makar-Limanov, Klein conjectured that a noncommutative domain must contain a free, multiplicative, noncyclic subsemigroup. He verified the conjecture when the center is uncountable. In this note we consider the existence (or not) of free subsemigroups in associative $k$-algebras $R$, where $k$ is a field not algebraic over a finite subfield. We show that $R$ contains a free noncyclic subsemigroup in the following cases: (1) $R$ satisfies a polynomial identity and is noncommutative modulo its prime radical. (2) $R$ has at least one nonartinian primitive subquotient. (3) $k$ is uncountable and $R$ is noncommutative modulo its Jacobson radical. In particular, (1) and (2) verify Kleins conjecture for numerous well known classes of domains, over countable fields, not covered in the prior literature.
It is shown that the subalgebra of invariants of a free associative algebra of finite rank under a linear action of a semisimple Hopf algebra has a rational Hilbert series with respect to the usual degree function, whenever the ground field has zero characteristic.
$N$-derivation is the natural generalization of derivation and triple derivation. Let ${cal L}$ be a finitely generated Lie algebra graded by a finite dimensional Cartan subalgebra. In this paper, a sufficient condition for Lie $N$-derivation algebra of ${cal L}$ coinciding with Lie derivation algebra of ${cal L}$ is given. As applications, any $N$-derivation of Schr{o}dinger-Virasoro algebra, generalized Witt algebras, Kac-Moody algebras and their Borel subalgebras, is a derivation.
As an instance of a linear action of a Hopf algebra on a free associative algebra, we consider finite group gradings of a free algebra induced by gradings on the space spanned by the free generators. The homogeneous component corresponding to the identity of the group is a free subalgebra which is graded by the usual degree. We look into its Hilbert series and prove that it is a rational function by giving an explicit formula. As an application, we show that, under suitable conditions, this subalgebra is finitely generated if and only if the grading on the base vector space is trivial.
We investigate a method of construction of central deformations of associative algebras, which we call centrification. We prove some general results in the case of Hopf algebras and provide several examples.