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We consider the problem of trying to understand the recently measured neutrino data simultaneously with understanding the heirarchical form of quark and charged lepton Yukawa matrices. We summarise the data that a sucessful model of neutrino mass must predict, and then move on to attempting to do so in the context of spontaneously broken `family symmetries. We consider first an abelian U(1) family symmetry, which appears in the context of a type I string model. Then we consider a model based on a non-abelian SU(3)_F, which is the maximal family group consitent with an SO(10) GUT. In this case the symmetry is more constraining, and is examined in the context of SUSY field theory.
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If observed, charged lepton flavour violation is a clear sign of new physics - beyond the Standard Model minimally extended to accommodate neutrino oscillation data. After a brief review of several charged lepton flavour violation observables and their current experimental status, we consider distinct extensions of the Standard Model which could potentially give rise to observable signals, focusing on the case of models in which the mechanism of neutrino mass generation is the common source of neutral and charged lepton flavour violation.
We show how two different family symmetries can be used to address the flavour problem in SO(10)-like models. The first is based on a gauged $U(1)_F$, whose problems dissappear in the context of a type I string model embedding. The second is based on $SU(3)_F$, the maximal family group consistent with SO(10); in this case the family symmetry is more constaining, so we merely look at it in the context of a supersymmetric field theory
After listing basic properties of the Standard Model (SM) that play the crucial role in the field of flavour and CP violation, we discuss the following topics: 1) CKM matrix and the unitarity triangle. 2) Theoretical framework in a non-technical manner, classifying various extentions of the SM. 3) Particle-Antiparticle mixing and various types of CP violation. 4) Standard analysis of the unitarity triangle. 5) Strategies for the determination of the angles alpha, beta and gamma in non-leptonic B decays. 6) The rare decays K^+ -> pi^+ nu bar nu and K_L -> pi^0 nu bar nu 7) Models with minimal flavour violation (MFV). 8) Models with new complex phases, addressing in particular possible signals of new physics in the B -> pi K data and their implications for rare K and B decays. A personal shopping list for the rest of this decade closes these lectures.
We give a brief introduction to flavour physics. The first part covers the flavour structure of the Standard Model, how the Kobayashi-Maskawa mechanism is tested and provides examples of searches for new physics using flavour observables, such as meson mixing and rare decays. In the second part we give a brief overview of the recent flavour anomalies and how the Higgs can act as a new flavour probe.
Several experiments observed deviations from the Standard Model (SM) in the flavour sector: LHCb found a $4-5,sigma$ discrepancy compared to the SM in $bto smu^+mu^-$ transitions (recently supported by an Belle analysis) and CMS reported a non-zero measurement of $htomutau$ with a significance of $2.4,sigma$. Furthermore, BELLE, BABAR and LHCb founds hints for the violation of flavour universality in $Bto D^{(*)}tau u$. In addition, there is the long-standing discrepancy in the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. Interestingly, all these anomalies are related to muons and taus, while the corresponding electron channels seem to be SM like. This suggests that these deviations from the SM might be correlated and we briefly review some selected models providing simultaneous explanations.
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