No Arabic abstract
Several years ago, I suggested a quantum field theory which has many attractive features. (1) It can explain the quantization of electric charge. (2) It describes symmetrized Maxwell equations. (3) It is manifestly covariant. (4) It describes local four-potentials. (5) It avoids the unphysical Dirac string. Here I will review the ideas which led to my model of magnetic monopoles including my prediction of the second kind of electromagnetic radiation. I will present also the mathematical formalism. Moreover I will suggest an experiment to verify the second kind of electromagnetic radiation and point out a possible observation of this radiation by August Kundt in 1885. Finally, I will list the many and far-reaching consequences, if this radiation will be confirmed by future experiments.
The aim of this note is to give a short and popular review of the ideas which led to my model of magnetic monopoles (hep-ph/9708394) and my prediction of the second kind of electromagnetic radiation. I will also point out the many and far-reaching consequences if these magnetic photon rays would be confirmed.
We present an overview of Top Quark Physics - from what has been learned so far at the Tevatron, to the searches that lie ahead at present and future colliders. We summarize the richness of the measurements and discuss their possible impact on our understanding of the Standard Model by pointing out their key elements and limitations. When possible, we discuss how the top quark may provide a connection to new or unexpected physics.
Conference key agreement (CKA), or multipartite key distribution, is a cryptographic task where more than two parties wish to establish a common secret key. A composition of bipartite quantum key distribution protocols can accomplish this task. However, the existence of multipartite quantum correlations allows for new and potentially more efficient protocols, to be applied in future quantum networks. Here, we review the existing quantum CKA protocols based on multipartite entanglement, both in the device-dependent and the device-independent scenario.
Photonic quantum technologies represent a promising platform for several applications, ranging from long-distance communications to the simulation of complex phenomena. Indeed, the advantages offered by single photons do make them the candidate of choice for carrying quantum information in a broad variety of areas with a versatile approach. Furthermore, recent technological advances are now enabling first concrete applications of photonic quantum information processing. The goal of this manuscript is to provide the reader with a comprehensive review of the state of the art in this active field, with a due balance between theoretical, experimental and technological results. When more convenient, we will present significant achievements in tables or in schematic figures, in order to convey a global perspective of the several horizons that fall under the name of photonic quantum information.
Linear optics with photon counting is a prominent candidate for practical quantum computing. The protocol by Knill, Laflamme, and Milburn [Nature 409, 46 (2001)] explicitly demonstrates that efficient scalable quantum computing with single photons, linear optical elements, and projective measurements is possible. Subsequently, several improvements on this protocol have started to bridge the gap between theoretical scalability and practical implementation. We review the original theory and its improvements, and we give a few examples of experimental two-qubit gates. We discuss the use of realistic components, the errors they induce in the computation, and how these errors can be corrected.