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Register a new userStudy of the Hadron Shower Profiles with the Tile Hadron Calorimeter
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The lateral and longitudinal profiles of the hadronic showers detected by iron-scintillator tile hadron calorimeter with longitudinal tile configuration have been investigated. The results are based on 100 GeV pion beam data. Due to the beam scan provided many different beam impact locations with cells it is succeeded to obtain detailed picture of transverse shower behavior. The underlying radial energy densities for four depths and for overall calorimeter have been reconstructed. The three-dimensional hadronic shower parametrisation have been suggested.
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The hadronic shower longitudinal and lateral leakages and its effect on the pion response and energy resolution of iron-scintillator barrel hadron prototype calorimeter with longitudinal tile configuration with a thickness of 9.4 nuclear interaction lengths have been investigated. The results are based on 100 GeV pion beam data at incidence angle $Theta = 10^o$ at impact point Z in the range from - 36 to 20 cm which were obtained during test beam period in May 1995 with setup equipped scintillator detector planes placed behind and back of the calorimeter. The fraction of the energy of 100 GeV pions at $Theta = 10^o$ leaking out at the back of this calorimeter amounts to 1.8 % and agrees with the one for a conventional iron-scintillator calorimeter. Unexpected behaviour of the energy resolution as a function of leakage is observed: 6 % lateral leakage lead to 18 % improving of energy resolution in compare with the showers without leakage. The measured values of longitudinal punchthrough probability $(18 pm 1) %$ and $(20 pm 1) %$ for two different hit definitions of leaking events agree with the earlier measurement for our calorimeter and with the one for a conventional iron-scintillator calorimeter with the same nuclear interaction length thickness respectively. Due to more soft cut for hit definition in the leakage detectors the measured value of longitudinal punchthrough probability more corresponds to the calculated iron equivalent length $L_{Fe} = 158 cm$.
The detailed experimental information about the electron and pion responses, the electron energy resolution and the e/h ratio as a function of incident energy E, impact point Z and incidence angle $Theta$ of the Module-0 of the iron-scintillator barrel hadron calorimeter with the longitudinal tile configuration is presented. The results are based on the electron and pion beams data for E = 10, 20, 60, 80, 100 and 180 GeV at $eta$ = -0.25 and -0.55, which have been obtained during the test beam period in 1996. The results are compared with the existing experimental data of TILECAL 1m prototype modules, various iron-scintillator calorimeters and with some Monte Carlo calculations.
The CALICE collaboration is presently constructing a test hadron calorimeter (HCAL) with 7620 scintillator tiles read out by novel photo-detectors - Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs). This prototype is the first device which uses SiPMs on a large scal
e. We present the design of the HCAL and report on measured properties of more than 10 thousand SiPMs. We discuss the SiPM efficiency, gain, cross-talk, and noise rate dependence on bias voltage and temperature, including the spread in these parameters. We analyze the reasons for SiPM rejection and present the results of the long term stability studies. The first measurements of the SiPM radiation hardness are presented. We compare properties of SiPM with the properties of similar devices, MRS APD and MPPC. A possibility to make the tiles thinner and to read them out without WLS fibers has been studied.
The spatial development of hadronic showers in the CALICE scintillator-steel analogue hadron calorimeter is studied using test beam data collected at CERN and FNAL for single positive pions and protons with initial momenta in the range from 10 to 80 GeV/c. Both longitudinal and radial development of hadron showers are parametrised with two-component functions. The parametrisation is fit to test beam data and simulations using the QGSP_BERT and FTFP_BERT physics lists from Geant4 version 9.6. The parameters extracted from data and simulated samples are compared for the two types of hadrons. The response to pions and the ratio of the non-electromagnetic to the electromagnetic calorimeter response, h/e, are estimated using the extrapolation and decomposition of the longitudinal profiles.
The detailed information about electron response, electron energy resolution and e/h ratio as a function of incident energy E, impact point Z and incidence angle $Theta$ of iron-scintillator hadron prototype calorimeter with longitudinal tile configuration is presented. These results are based on electron and pion beams data of E = 20, 50, 100, 150, 300 GeV at $Theta = 10^o, 20^o, 30^o$, which were obtained during test beam period in July 1995. The obtained calibration constant is used for muon response converting from pC to GeV. The results are compared with existing experimental data and with some Monte Carlo calculations.
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