No Arabic abstract
Recent results on jet physics and tests of QCD from hadronic final states in $e^+e^-$ annihilation at PETRA and at LEP are reviewed, with special emphasis on hadronic event shapes, charged particle production rates, properties of quark and gluon jets and determinations of $alpha_s$. The data in the entire energy range from PETRA to LEP-2 are in broad agreement with the QCD predictions. The world summary of measurements of $alpha_s$ is updated and a detailed discussion of various methods to determine the overall error of $alpha_s (M_Z)$ is presented. The new world average is $alpha_s (M_Z) = 0.119 pm 0.004$. The size of the error depends on the treatment of correlated uncertainties.
Selected topics on precision tests of the Standard Model of the Electroweak and the Strong Interaction at the LEP $e^+e^-$ collider are presented, including an update of the world summary of measurements of $alpha_s$, representing the state of knowledge of summer 1999. This write-up of lecture notes consists of a reproduction of slides, pictures and tables, supplemented by a short descriptive text and a list of relevant references.
Recent results on measurements of the strong coupling $alpha_S$ from LEP are reported. These include analyses of the 4-jet rate using the Durham or Cambridge algorithm, of hadronic $Z^0$ decays with hard final state photon radiation, of scaling violations of the fragmentation function, of the longitudinal cross section, of the $Z^0$ lineshape and of hadronic $tau$ lepton decays.
Physics Beyond Colliders is an exploratory study aimed at exploiting the full scientific potential of CERNs accelerator complex and its scientific infrastructure in the next two decades through projects complementary to the LHC, HL-LHC and other possible future colliders. These projects should target fundamental physics questions that are similar in spirit to those addressed by high-energy colliders, but that require different types of beams and experiments. A kick-off workshop held in September 2016 identified a number of areas of interest and working groups have been set-up to study and develop these directions. All projects currently under consideration are presented including physics motivation, a brief outline of the experimental set-up and the status of the corresponding beam and detector technological studies. The proposals are also put in context of the worldwide landscape and their implementation issues are discussed.
The mean charge multiplicity in hadronic three-jet Z decays has been measured with the DELPHI detector as a function of the event topology and compared with recent theoretical calculations. The QCD colour factor ratio C_A/C_F was determined, and the gluon contribution to this multiplicity was extracted giving a measurement of the mean charge multiplicity of a two-gluon colour-singlet system as a function of the effective c.m. energy covering the range from 16 to 52 GeV.
e^+e^- annihilation data recorded by the JADE detector at PETRA were used to measure the C-parameter for the first time at sqrt{s}= 35 and 44 GeV. The distributions were compared to a resummed QCD calculation which recently became available for this observable. % In addition, we applied extended resummed calculations to the heavy and wide jet broadening variables, B_T and B_W, which now include a proper treatment of the quark recoil against multi-gluon emission with single-logarithmic accuracy. % We further investigated power corrections to the mean values of the observables mentioned above. In this study, we considered all available e^+e^- data between sqrt{s}= 35 and 172 GeV.