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Register a new userThe Pioneers acceleration anomaly and Hubbles constant
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Authors
J.L. Rosales
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The reported anomalous acceleration acting on the Pioneers spacecrafts could be seen as a consequence of the existence of some local curvature in light geodesics when using the coordinate speed of light in an expanding space-time. The effect is related with the non synchronous character of the underlying metric and therefore, planets closed orbits can not reveal it. It is shown that the cosmic expansion rate -the Hubble parameter H- has been indeed detected. Additionally, a relation for an existing annual term is obtained which depends on the cosine of the ecliptic latitude of the spacecraft, suggestingan heuristic analogy between the effect and Foucaults experiment - light rays playing a similar role in the expanding space than Foucaults Pendulum does while determining Earths rotation. This statement could be seen as a benchmark for future experiments.
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The detected anomalous frequency drift acceleration in Pioneers radar data finds its explanation in a Berry phase that obtains the quantum state of a photon that propagates within an expanding space-time. The clock acceleration is just the adiabatic expansion rate and an analogy between the effect and Foucaults experiment is fully suggested. In this sense, light rays play a similar role in the expanding space than Foucaults Pendulum does while determining Earths rotation. On the other hand, one could speculate about a suitable future experiment at laboratory scales able to measure the local cosmological expansion rate using the procedure outlined in this paper.
We analyze the IGETS based gravitational acceleration measurements to search for a variability in Newtons constant $G$, as a complement to the analysis carried out in arXiv:2103.11157. To understand the variation in gravitational acceleration, we fit the aforementioned data to a constant model, two sinusoidal models, and a linear model. We find that none of the four models provide a good fit to the data, showing that there is no evidence for periodicity or linear temporal variation in the acceleration measurements. Based on the sinusoidal models, we infer that the relative variance of $G$ is $leqslant 2 times 10^{-9}$, which is about four orders of magnitude more stringent than the amplitude of periodic variations inferred from previous $G$ measurements. From the linear model, we obtain $frac{dot{G}}{G} < 2.14 times 10^{-10} rm{yr^{-1}}$.
In the Kaluza-Klein model with a cosmological constant and a flux, the external spacetime and its dimension of the created universe from a $S^s times S^{n-s}$ seed instanton can be identified in quantum cosmology. One can also show that in the internal space the effective cosmological constant is most probably zero.
In this work we provide a link between a nearly vanishing cosmological constant and chiral symmetry. This is accomplished with a modification of General Relativity coupled to a topological field theory, namely BF theory by introducing fermions charged under the BF theory gauge group. We find that the cosmological constant sources a chiral anomaly for the fermions, providing a `technical naturalness explanation for the smallness of the observed cosmological constant. Applied to the early universe, we show that production of fermions during inflation can provide all the dark matter in the universe today, in the form of superheavy dark baryons.
We compute the regularized temperature for a spacetime foam model, consisting on S^4 instantons, in quantum gravity. Assuming that thermal equilibrium takes place with some amount of radiation - with thermal fields in the SU(2)xU(1) gauge theory - we obtain the remarkable result that the squared value of this temperature exactly coincides with the electroweak coupling constant at the energy scale of the gauge bosons W. This is consistent with the classical ADM result that the electrical charge should be equal to its finite gravitational self energy.
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