No Arabic abstract
We give a classification of quadratic harmonic morphisms between Euclidean spaces (Theorem 2.4) after proving a Rank Lemma. We also find a correspondence between umbilical (Definition 2.7) quadratic harmonic morphisms and Clifford systems. In the case $ {Bbb R}^{4}longrightarrow {Bbb R}^{3} $, we determine all quadratic harmonic morphisms and show that, up to a constant factor, they are all bi-equivalent (Definition 3.2) to the well-known Hopf construction map and induce harmonic morphisms bi-equivalent to the Hopf fibration ${Bbb S}^{3} longrightarrow {Bbb S}^{2}$.
We construct large families of harmonic morphisms which are holomorphic with respect to Hermitian structures by finding heierarchies of Weierstrass-type representations. This enables us to find new examples of complex-valued harmonic morphisms from Euclidean spaces and spheres.
We obtain conditions on the Lee form under which a holomorphic map between almost Hermitian manifolds is a harmonic map or morphism. Then we discuss under what conditions (i) the image of a holomorphic map from a cosymplectic manifold is also cosymplectic, (ii) a holomophic map with Hermitian image defines a Hermitian structure on its domain.
P. Baird and the second author studied harmonic morphisms from a three-dimensional simply-connected space form to a surface and obtained a complete local and global classification of them. In this paper, we obtain a description of all harmonic morphisms from any three-dimensional Euclidean and spherical space form to a surface, namely that any such harmonic morphism is the composition of a standard harmonic morphism and a weakly conformal map. We list the standard harmonic morphisms.
Equivalences between conformal foliations on Euclidean $3$-space, Hermitian structures on Euclidean $4$-space, shear-free ray congruences on Minkowski $4$-space, and holomorphic foliations on complex $4$-space are explained geometrically and twistorially; these are used to show that 1) any real-analytic complex-valued harmonic morphism without critical points defined on an open subset of Minkowski space is conformally equivalent to the direction vector field of a shear-free ray congruence, 2) the boundary values at infinity of a complex-valued harmonic morphism on hyperbolic $4$-space define a real-analytic conformal foliation by curves of an open subset of Euclidean $3$-space and all such foliations arise this way. This gives an explicit method of finding such foliations; some examples are given.
The second named author and David Kalaj introduced a pseudometric on any domain in the real Euclidean space $mathbb R^n$, $nge 3$, defined in terms of conformal harmonic discs, by analogy with Kobayashis pseudometric on complex manifolds, which is defined in terms of holomorphic discs. They showed that on the unit ball of $mathbb R^n$, this minimal metric coincides with the classical Beltrami-Cayley-Klein metric. In the present paper we investigate properties of the minimal pseudometric and give sufficient conditions for a domain to be (complete) hyperbolic, meaning that the minimal pseudometric is a (complete) metric. We show in particular that a domain having a negative minimal plurisubharmonic exhaustion function is hyperbolic, and a bounded strongly minimally convex domain is complete hyperbolic. We also prove a localization theorem for the minimal pseudometric. Finally, we show that a convex domain is complete hyperbolic if and only if it does not contain any affine 2-plane.