No Arabic abstract
Equivalences between conformal foliations on Euclidean $3$-space, Hermitian structures on Euclidean $4$-space, shear-free ray congruences on Minkowski $4$-space, and holomorphic foliations on complex $4$-space are explained geometrically and twistorially; these are used to show that 1) any real-analytic complex-valued harmonic morphism without critical points defined on an open subset of Minkowski space is conformally equivalent to the direction vector field of a shear-free ray congruence, 2) the boundary values at infinity of a complex-valued harmonic morphism on hyperbolic $4$-space define a real-analytic conformal foliation by curves of an open subset of Euclidean $3$-space and all such foliations arise this way. This gives an explicit method of finding such foliations; some examples are given.
We describe the relationship between complex-valued harmonic morphisms from Minkowski 4-space} and the shear-free ray congruences of mathematical physics. Then we show how a horizontally conformal submersion on a domain of Euclidean 3-space gives the boundary values at infinity of a complex-valued harmonic morphism on hyperbolic 4-space.
We obtain conditions on the Lee form under which a holomorphic map between almost Hermitian manifolds is a harmonic map or morphism. Then we discuss under what conditions (i) the image of a holomorphic map from a cosymplectic manifold is also cosymplectic, (ii) a holomophic map with Hermitian image defines a Hermitian structure on its domain.
Harmonic morphisms are maps between Riemannian manifolds that pull back harmonic functions to harmonic functions. These maps are characterized as horizontally weakly conformal harmonic maps and they have many interesting links and applications to several areas in mathematics (see the book by Baird and Wood for details). In this paper, we study generalized harmonic morphisms which are defined to be maps between Riemannian manifolds that pull back harmonic functions to biharmonic functions. We obtain some characterizations of generalized harmonic morphisms into a Euclidean space and give two methods of constructions that can be used to produce many examples of generalized harmonic morphisms which are not harmonic morphisms. We also give a complete classification of generalized harmonic morphisms among the projections of a warped product space, which provides infinitely many examples of proper biharmonic Riemannian submersions and conformal submersions from a warped product manifold.
We construct large families of harmonic morphisms which are holomorphic with respect to Hermitian structures by finding heierarchies of Weierstrass-type representations. This enables us to find new examples of complex-valued harmonic morphisms from Euclidean spaces and spheres.
P. Baird and the second author studied harmonic morphisms from a three-dimensional simply-connected space form to a surface and obtained a complete local and global classification of them. In this paper, we obtain a description of all harmonic morphisms from any three-dimensional Euclidean and spherical space form to a surface, namely that any such harmonic morphism is the composition of a standard harmonic morphism and a weakly conformal map. We list the standard harmonic morphisms.