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Register a new userHow to Commission, Operate and Maintain a Large Future Accelerator Complex from Far Remote
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Added by
Ferdinand Willeke
Publication date
2001
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
Authors
P. Czarapata
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A study on future large accelerators [1] has considered a facility, which is designed, built and operated by a worldwide collaboration of equal partner institutions, and which is remote from most of these institutions. The full range of operation was considered including commi-ssioning, machine development, maintenance, trouble shooting and repair. Experience from existing accele-rators confirms that most of these activities are already performed remotely. The large high-energy physics ex-periments and astronomy projects, already involve inter-national collaborations of distant institutions. Based on this experience, the prospects for a machine operated remotely from far sites are encouraging. Experts from each laboratory would remain at their home institution but continue to participate in the operation of the machine after construction. Experts are required to be on site only during initial commissioning and for par-ticularly difficult problems. Repairs require an on-site non-expert maintenance crew. Most of the interventions can be made without an expert and many of the rest resolved with remote assistance. There appears to be no technical obstacle to controlling an accelerator from a distance. The major challenge is to solve the complex management and communication problems.
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A study on future large accelerators [1] has considered a facility, which is designed, built and operated by a worldwide collaboration of equal partner institutions, and which is remote from most of these institutions. The full range of operation was considered including commissioning, machine development, maintenance, troubleshooting and repair. Experience from existing accelerators confirms that most of these activities are already performed remotely. The large high-energy physics experiments and astronomy projects, already involve international collaborations of distant institutions. Based on this experience, the prospects for a machine operated remotely from far sites are encouraging. Experts from each laboratory would remain at their home institution but continue to participate in the operation of the machine after construction. Experts are required to be on site only during initial commissioning and for particularly difficult problems. Repairs require an on-site non-expert maintenance crew. Most of the interventions can be made without an expert and many of the rest resolved with remote assistance. There appears to be no technical obstacle to controlling an accelerator from a distance. The major challenge is to solve the complex management and communication problems.
We discuss the constraints coming from current observations of type Ia supernovae on cosmological models which allow sudden future singularities of pressure (with the scale factor and the energy density regular). We show that such a sudden singularity may happen in the very near future (e.g. within ten million years) and its prediction at the present moment of cosmic evolution cannot be distinguished, with current observational data, from the prediction given by the standard quintessence scenario of future evolution. Fortunately, sudden future singularities are characterized by a momentary peak of infinite tidal forces only; there is no geodesic incompletness which means that the evolution of the universe may eventually be continued throughout until another ``more serious singularity such as Big-Crunch or Big-Rip.
Cornells electron/positron storage ring (CESR) was modified over a series of accelerator shutdowns beginning in May 2008, which substantially improves its capability for research and development for particle accelerators. CESRs energy span from 1.8 to 5.6 GeV with both electrons and positrons makes it appropriate for the study of a wide spectrum of accelerator physics issues and instrumentation related to present light sources and future lepton damping rings. Additionally a number of these are also relevant for the beam physics of proton accelerators. This paper, the last in a series of four, describes the vacuum system modifications of the superconducting wigglers to accommodate the diagnostic instrumentation for the study of electron cloud (EC) behavior within wigglers. Earlier papers provided an overview of the accelerator physics program, the general modifications of CESR, the modifications of the vacuum system necessary for the conversion of CESR to the test accelerator, CesrTA, enhanced to study such subjects as low emittance tuning methods, EC effects, intra-beam scattering, fast ion instabilities as well as general improvements to beam instrumentation. While the initial studies of CesrTA focussed on questions related to the International Linear Collider damping ring design, CESR is a very versatile storage ring, capable of studying a wide range of accelerator physics and instrumentation questions.
Complex systems and their underlying convoluted networks are ubiquitous, all we need is an eye for them. They pose problems of organized complexity which cannot be approached with a reductionist method. Complexity science and its emergent sister network science both come to grips with the inherent complexity of complex systems with an holistic strategy. The relevance of complexity, however, transcends the sciences. Complex systems and networks are the focal point of a philosophical, cultural and artistic turn of our tightly interrelated and interdependent postmodern society. Here I take a different, aesthetic perspective on complexity. I argue that complex systems can be beautiful and can the object of artification - the neologism refers to processes in which something that is not regarded as art in the traditional sense of the word is changed into art. Complex systems and networks are powerful sources of inspiration for the generative designer, for the artful data visualizer, as well as for the traditional artist. I finally discuss the benefits of a cross-fertilization between science and art.
Recent development in AI has enabled the expansion of its application to multiple domains. From medical treatment, gaming, manufacturing to daily business processes. A huge amount of money has been poured into AI research due to its exciting discoveries. Technology giants like Google, Facebook, Amazon, and Baidu are the driving forces in the field today. But the rapid growth and excitement that the technology offers obscure us from looking at the impact it brings on our society. This short paper gives a brief history of AI and summarizes various social, economic and ethical issues that are impacting our society today. We hope that this work will provide a useful starting point and perhaps reference for newcomers and stakeholders of the field.
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