No Arabic abstract
Conductance switching has been reported in many molecular junction devices, but in most cases has not been convincingly explained. We investigate conductance switching in Pt/stearic acid monolayer/Ti devices using pressure-modulated conductance microscopy. For devices with conductance G>>G_Q or G<<G_Q, where GQ=2e^2/h is the conductance quantum, pressure-induced conductance peaks <30 nm in diameter are observed, indicating the formation of nanoscale conducting pathways between the electrodes. For devices with G~ 1- 2 G_Q, in addition to conductance peaks we also observed conductance dips and oscillations in response to localized pressure. These results can be modeled by considering interfering electron waves along a quantum conductance channel between two partially transmitting electrode surfaces. Our findings underscore the possible use of these devices as atomic-scale switches.
Understanding the formation of metal-molecule contact at the microscopic level is the key towards controlling and manipulating atomic scale devices. Employing two isomers of bipyridine, $4, 4^prime$ bipyridine and $2, 2^prime$ bipyridine between gold electrodes, here, we investigate the formation of metal-molecule bond by studying charge transport through single molecular junctions using a mechanically controlled break junction technique at room temperature. While both molecules form molecular junctions during the breaking process, closing traces show the formation of molecular junctions unambiguously for $4, 4^prime$ bipyridine via a conductance jump from the tunneling regime, referred as `jump to molecular contact, being absent for $2, 2^prime$ bipyridine. Through statistical analysis of the data, along with, molecular dynamics and first-principles calculations, we establish that contact formation is strongly connected with the molecular structure of the electrodes as well as how the junction is broken during breaking process, providing important insights for using a single-molecule in an electronic device.
Graphene has emerged as the foremost material for future two-dimensional spintronics due to its tuneable electronic properties. In graphene, spin information can be transported over long distances and, in principle, be manipulated by using magnetic correlations or large spin-orbit coupling (SOC) induced by proximity effects. In particular, a dramatic SOC enhancement has been predicted when interfacing graphene with a semiconducting transition metal dechalcogenide, such as tungsten disulphide (WS$_2$). Signatures of such an enhancement have recently been reported but the nature of the spin relaxation in these systems remains unknown. Here, we unambiguously demonstrate anisotropic spin dynamics in bilayer heterostructures comprising graphene and WS$_2$. By using out-of-plane spin precession, we show that the spin lifetime is largest when the spins point out of the graphene plane. Moreover, we observe that the spin lifetime varies over one order of magnitude depending on the spin orientation, indicating that the strong spin-valley coupling in WS$_2$ is imprinted in the bilayer and felt by the propagating spins. These findings provide a rich platform to explore coupled spin-valley phenomena and offer novel spin manipulation strategies based on spin relaxation anisotropy in two-dimensional materials.
Polar metals, commonly defined by the coexistence of polar crystal structure and metallicity, are thought to be scarce because the long-range electrostatic fields favoring the polar structure are expected to be fully screened by the conduction electrons of a metal. Moreover, reducing from three to two dimensions, it remains an open question whether a polar metal can exist. Here we report on the realization of a room temperature two-dimensional polar metal of the B-site type in tri-color (tri-layer) superlattices BaTiO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$/LaTiO$_3$. A combination of atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy with electron energy loss spectroscopy, optical second harmonic generation, electrical transport, and first-principles calculations have revealed the microscopic mechanisms of periodic electric polarization, charge distribution, and orbital symmetry. Our results provide a route to creating all-oxide artificial non-centrosymmetric quasi-two-dimensional metals with exotic quantum states including coexisting ferroelectric, ferromagnetic, and superconducting phases.
The interaction between off-resonant laser pulses and excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides is attracting increasing interest as a route for the valley-selective coherent control of the exciton properties. Here, we extend the classification of the known off-resonant phenomena by unveiling the impact of a strong THz field on the excitonic resonances of monolayer MoS$_2$. We observe that the THz pump pulse causes a selective modification of the coherence lifetime of the excitons, while keeping their oscillator strength and peak energy unchanged. We rationalize these results theoretically by invoking a hitherto unobserved manifestation of the Franz-Keldysh effect on an exciton resonance. As the modulation depth of the optical absorption reaches values as large as 0.05 dB/nm at room temperature, our findings open the way to the use of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides as compact and efficient platforms for high-speed electroabsorption devices.
The simplicity of single-molecule junctions based on direct bonding of a small molecule between two metallic electrodes make them an ideal system for the study of fundamental questions related to molecular electronics. Here we study the conductance properties of six different molecules suspended between Pt electrodes. All the molecular junctions show a typical conductance of about 1G0 which is ascribed to the dominant role of the Pt contacts. However, despite the metallic-like conductivity, the individual molecular signature is well-expressed by the effect of molecular vibrations in the inelastic contribution to the conductance.