No Arabic abstract
We present the results of out-of-plane electrical transport measurements on the heavy fermion superconductor CeCoIn$_{5}$ at temperatures from 40 mK to 400 K and in magnetic field up to 9 T. For $T <$ 10 K transport measurements show that the zero-field resistivity $rho_{c}$ changes linearly with temperature and extrapolates nearly to zero at 0 K, indicative of non-Fermi-liquid (nFL) behavior associated with a quantum critical point (QCP). The longitudinal magnetoresistance (LMR) of CeCoIn$_{5}$ for fields applied parallel to the c-axis is negative and scales as $B/(T+T^{*})$ between 50 and 100 K, revealing the presence of a single-impurity Kondo energy scale $T^{*} sim 2$ K. Beginning at 16 K a small positive LMR feature is evident for fields less than 3 tesla that grows in magnitude with decreasing temperature. For higher fields the LMR is negative and increases in magnitude with decreasing temperature. This sizable negative magnetoresistance scales as $B{^2}/T$ from 2.6 K to roughly 8 K, and it arises from an extrapolated residual resistivity that becomes negative and grows quadratically with field in the nFL temperature regime. Applying a magnetic field along the c-axis with B $>$ B$_{c2}$ restores Fermi-liquid behavior in $rho_{c}(T)$ at $T$ less than 130 mK. Analysis of the $T{^2}$ resistivity coefficients field-dependence suggests that the QCP in CeCoIn$_{5}$ is located emph{below} the upper critical field, inside the superconducting phase. These data indicate that while high-$T$ c-axis transport of CeCoIn$_{5}$ exhibits features typical for a heavy fermion system, low-$T$ transport is governed both by spin fluctuations associated with the QCP and Kondo interactions that are influenced by the underlying complex electronic structure intrinsic to the anisotropic CeCoIn$_{5}$ crystal structure.
We study the temperature dependence of electrical resistivity for currents directed along all crystallographic axes of the spin-triplet superconductor UTe$_{2}$. We focus particularly on an accurate determination of the resistivity along the $c$-axis ($rho_c$) by using transport geometries that allow extraction of two resistivities along with the primary axes directions. Measurement of the absolute values of resistivities in all current directions reveals a surprisingly (given the anticipated highly anisotropic bandstructure) nearly isotropic transport behavior at temperatures above Kondo coherence, with $rho_c sim rho_b sim 2rho_a$, but with a qualitatively distinct behavior at lower temperatures. The temperature dependence of $rho_c$ exhibits a Kondo-like maximum at much lower temperatures compared to that of $rho_a$ and $rho_b$, providing important insight into the underlying electronic structure necessary for building a microscopic model of UTe$_{2}$.
It is shown by detailed inelastic neutron scattering experiments that the gapped collective magnetic excitation of the unconventional superconductor CeCoIn$_{5}$, the spin resonance mode, is incommensurate and that the corresponding fluctuations are of Ising nature. The incommensurate peak position of these fluctuations corresponds to the propagation vector of the adjacent field induced static magnetic ordered phase, the so-called Q-phase. Furthermore, the direction of the magnetic moment fluctuations is also the direction of the ordered magnetic moments of the Q-phase. Hence the resonance mode and the Q-phase share the same symmetry and this strongly supports a scenario where the static order is realized by a condensation of the magnetic excitation.
We report the evolution of the spin resonance in CeCoIn$_{5}$ as a function of magnetic field and lanthanum substitution. In both cases, the resonance peak position shifts to lower energy and the lineshape broadens. For La doping, it is found that the ratio $Omega_{res}/k_{B}T_{c}$ is almost constant as a function of $x$. Under magnetic field the decrease of the excitation energy is similar for H// [1,$bar{1}$,0] and [1,1,1] and faster than the decrease of $T_{c}(H)$. The Zeeman effect found for the field applied along [1,$bar{1}$,0] corresponds to the ground state magnetic moment.
Quantum criticality in the normal and superconducting state of the heavy-fermion metal CeCoIn$_5$ is studied by measurements of the magnetic Gr{u}neisen ratio, $Gamma_H$, and specific heat in different field orientations and temperatures down to 50 mK. Universal temperature over magnetic field scaling of $Gamma_H$ in the normal state indicates a hidden quantum critical point at zero field. Within the superconducting state the quasiparticle entropy at constant temperature increases upon reducing the field towards zero, providing additional evidence for zero-field quantum criticality.
We present nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements on the three distinct In sites of CeCoIn$_5$ with magnetic field applied in the [100] direction. We identify the microscopic nature of the long range magnetic order (LRO) stabilized at low temperatures in fields above 10.2 T while still in the superconducting (SC) state. We infer that the ordered moment is oriented along the $hat c$-axis and map its field evolution. The study of the field dependence of the NMR shift for the different In sites indicates that the LRO likely coexists with a modulated SC phase, possibly that predicted by Fulde, Ferrell, Larkin, and Ovchinnikov. Furthermore, we discern a field region dominated by strong spin fluctuations where static LRO is absent and propose a revised phase diagram.