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We have computed the low energy quantum states and low frequency dynamical susceptibility of complex quantum spin systems in the limit of strong interactions, obtaining exact results for system sizes enormously larger than accessible previously. The ground state is a complex superposition of a substantial fraction of all the classical ground states, and yet the dynamical susceptibility exhibits sharp resonances reminiscent of the behavior of single spins. These results show that strongly interacting quantum systems can organize to generate coherent excitations and shed light on recent experiments demonstrating that coherent excitations are present in a disordered spin liquid. The dependence of the energy spectra on system size differs qualitatively from that of the energy spectra of random undirected bipartite graphs with similar statistics, implying that strong interactions are giving rise to these unusual spectral properties.
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A condensation transition was predicted for growing technological networks evolving by preferential attachment and competing quality of their nodes, as described by the fitness model. When this condensation occurs a node acquires a finite fraction of all the links of the network. Earlier studies based on steady state degree distribution and on the mapping to Bose-Einstein condensation, were able to identify the critical point. Here we characterize the dynamics of condensation and we present evidence that below the condensation temperature there is a slow down of the dynamics and that a single node (not necessarily the best node in the network) emerges as the winner for very long times. The characteristic time t* at which this phenomenon occurs diverges both at the critical point and at $T -> 0$ when new links are attached deterministically to the highest quality node of the network.
We test whether the complexity of cardiac interbeat interval time series is simply a consequence of the wide range of scales characterizing human behavior, especially physical activity, by analyzing data taken from healthy adult subjects under three conditions with controls: (i) a ``constant routine protocol where physical activity and postural changes are kept to a minimum, (ii) sympathetic blockade, and (iii) parasympathetic blockade. We find that when fluctuations in physical activity and other behavioral modifiers are minimized, a remarkable level of complexity of heartbeat dynamics remains, while for neuroautonomic blockade the multifractal complexity decreases.
Confinement of excitations induces quasilocalized dynamics in disorder-free isolated quantum many-body systems in one spatial dimension. This occurrence is signalled by severe suppression of quantum correlation spreading and of entanglement growth, long-time persistence of spatial inhomogeneities, and long-lived coherent oscillations of local observables. In this work, we present a unified understanding of these dramatic effects. The slow dynamical behavior is shown to be related to the Schwinger effect in quantum electrodynamics. We demonstrate that it is quantitatively captured for long time scales by effective Hamiltonians exhibiting Stark localization of excitations and weak growth of the entanglement entropy for arbitrary coupling strength. This analysis explains the phenomenology of real-time string dynamics investigated in a number of lattice gauge theories, as well as the anomalous dynamics observed in quantum Ising chains after quenches. Our findings establish confinement as a robust mechanism for hindering the approach to equilibrium in translationally-invariant quantum statistical systems with local interactions.
We use large deviation theory to obtain the free energy of the XY model on a fully connected graph on each site of which there is a randomly oriented field of magnitude $h$. The phase diagram is obtained for two symmetric distributions of the random orientations: (a) a uniform distribution and (b) a distribution with cubic symmetry. In both cases, the ordered state reflects the symmetry of the underlying disorder distribution. The phase boundary has a multicritical point which separates a locus of continuous transitions (for small values of $h$) from a locus of first order transitions (for large $h$). The free energy is a function of a single variable in case (a) and a function of two variables in case (b), leading to different characters of the multicritical points in the two cases.
We develop a geometric framework to study the structure and function of complex networks. We assume that hyperbolic geometry underlies these networks, and we show that with this assumption, heterogeneous degree distributions and strong clustering in complex networks emerge naturally as simple reflections of the negative curvature and metric property of the underlying hyperbolic geometry. Conversely, we show that if a network has some metric structure, and if the network degree distribution is heterogeneous, then the network has an effective hyperbolic geometry underneath. We then establish a mapping between our geometric framework and statistical mechanics of complex networks. This mapping interprets edges in a network as non-interacting fermions whose energies are hyperbolic distances between nodes, while the auxiliary fields coupled to edges are linear functions of these energies or distances. The geometric network ensemble subsumes the standard configuration model and classical random graphs as two limiting cases with degenerate geometric structures. Finally, we show that targeted transport processes without global topology knowledge, made possible by our geometric framework, are maximally efficient, according to all efficiency measures, in networks with strongest heterogeneity and clustering, and that this efficiency is remarkably robust with respect to even catastrophic disturbances and damages to the network structure.
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