Subscribe to the gold package and get unlimited access to Shamra Academy
Register a new userDark Matter, Mass Scales Sequence, and Superstructure in the Universe (with extension and summary)
105
0
0.0
(
0
)
Ask ChatGPT about the research
No Arabic abstract
We extend mass scale sequence to a mass tree. From mass tree, the evolution of the universe is described by three stages: chaos, inflation and expansion. The first two stages have c mutations and the inflation appears as a step by step fission process of black holes. The dark matter particles with low mass (neutrino and delta particle) are described in a dual SM or two-fold SM with new symmetry and new interaction, and delta-particle is like inert neutrino but has baryon number (L-B conservation). We emphasize how to search for delta-particle, how to research critical energy, critical density, background particles, and spherical universe. Critical density relates to a type of pseudo-balance black holes (or celestial bodies). Suppose the minimum black hole radius equal to proton radius means we live in a spherical universe, which belong to a big universe, mainly characterized by proton.
rate research
Read More
From the observed results of the space distribution of quasars we deduced that neutrino mass is about 10^(-1) eV. The fourth stable elementary particle (delta particle) with mass about 10^(0) eV can help explain the energy resource mechanism in quasars, cosmic ultra-high energy particles, as well as the flatness of spiral galaxy rotation curves. The blue bump and IR bump in the quasar irradiation spectra, as well as the peaks of EBL (Extra-galactic Background Light) around 10^(0) eV and 10^(-1) eV, are related to the annihilation of delta particle with anti-delta particle and neutrino with anti-neutrino respectively. This enlightens us to explore the reason for missing solar neutrinos and the unlimited energy resource in a new manner. For delta-particle search it is related to Dual SM or Two-fold SM; the relationship between space electron spectrum (>10^(0)Tev) and cosmic ray spectrum (knee and ankle) at high energy region; and the characteristics of spherical universe. Appendix is the theory part, which related to mass tree, inflation, BSM, finite universe.
From the observed results, we deduced that the mass of the neutrino is about 10^(-1) eV and the mass of the fourth stable elementary particle (delta) is about 10^(0) eV. While neutrino is related to electro-weak field, the fourth stable elementary particle delta is related to gravitation-strong field, and some new meta-stable baryons may appear near the TeV region. Therefore, a twofold standard model diagram is proposed, and involves some experiment phenomena: The new meta-stable baryons decays produce delta particles, which are helpful in explaining the Dijet asymmetry phenomena at LHC of CERN, the different results for the Fermilabs data peak, etc; However, according to the (B-L) invariance, the sterile neutrino about the event excess in MiniBooNe is not the fourth neutrino but rather the delta particle; We think that the delta particles are related to the phenomenon about neutrinos FTL, and that anti-neutrinos are faster than neutrinos. FTL is also related to cosmic inflation, singular point disappearance, a finite universe, and abnormal red shift of SN Ia. Besides, the dark matter particles with low mass are helpful in explaining missing solar neutrinos, the CMB angular power spectrum measured by WMAP etc. Some experiments and observations are suggested, especially about the measurement for the speed of gravitational wave c. c and c, in physics, represent the limit speeds of moving particles made by different categories of matter with different Lorentz factors. Lorentz transformation is compatible with FTL. This will be helpful to look for new particles.
Since there are dark matter particles (neutrino) with mass about 10^(-1)eV in the universe, the superstructures with a scale of 10^(19) solar mass [large number A is about 10^(19)] appeared around the era of the hydrogen recombination. The redshift z distributions of quasars support the existence of superstructures. Since there are superstructures in the universe, it is not necessary for the hypothesis of dark energy. While neutrino is related to electro-weak field, the fourth stable elementary particles (delta particle) with mass about 10^(0)eV to 10^(1)eV is related to gravitation-strong field, which suggests p + anti(p)--> n/anti(n) + anti(delta particle)/(delta particle) and that some new meta-stable baryons appeared near the TeV region. Therefore, a twofold standard model diagram is proposed, and related to many experiment phenomena: The new meta-stable baryons decays produce delta particles, which are helpful to explain the Dijet asymmetry phenomena at LHC of CERN, the different results for the Fermilabs data peak, etc; However, according to the (B-L) invariance, the sterile neutrino from the event excess in MiniBooNe can not be the fourth neutrino but rather the delta particle; We think that the delta particles are related to the phenomenon about neutrinos FTL, and that anti-neutrinos are faster than neutrinos. FTL is also related to the cosmic inflation, singular point disappearance, and abnormal red shift of SN Ia. Some experiments and observations are suggested. In the Extension section, we clarify mass tree, our finite universe, cosmic dual expansions, dual SM etc. And the LHC can look for new particles with decay products graviton/delta particle and new interaction indeed.
In this work we definitely prove a possibility that Milgroms modified Newtonian dynamics, MOND, can be consistently interpreted as a theory with the modified kinetic terms of the usual Newtonain dynamics, simply called k-MOND. Precisely, we suggest only a functional dependence between inertial and gravitational mass tending toward identity in the limit of large accelerations (characteristic for Newtonian dynamics and its relativistic generalizations) but which behaves as a principal non-identity in the limit of small accelerations (smaller than Milgroms acceleration constant). This functional dependence implies a generalization of the kinetic terms (without any change of the gravitational potential energy terms) in the usual Newtonain dynamics including generalization of corresponding Lagrange formalism. Such generalized dynamics, k-MOND, is identical to Milgroms MOND. Also, mentioned k-MOND distinction between inertial and gravitational mass would be formally treated as dark matter.
A minimal extension of the Standard Model (SM) by a vector-like fermion doublet and three right handed (RH) singlet neutrinos is proposed in order to explain dark matter and tiny neutrino mass simultaneously. The DM arises as a mixture of the neutral component of the fermion doublet and one of the RH neutrinos, both assumed to be odd under an imposed $mathcal{Z}_2$ symmetry. Being Majorana in nature, the DM escapes from $Z$-mediated direct search constraints to mark a significant difference from singlet-doublet Dirac DM. The other two $mathcal{Z}_2$ even heavy RH neutrinos give rise masses and mixing of light neutrinos via Type-I Seesaw mechanism. Relic density and direct search allowed parameter space for the model is investigated through detailed numerical scan.
Log in to be able to interact and post comments
comments
Fetching comments
Sign in to be able to follow your search criteria
