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Register a new userBeryllium, Lithium and Oxygen Abundances in F-type Stars
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Added by
Carlos Allende Prieto
Publication date
1997
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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Beryllium and oxygen abundances have been derived in a sample of F-type field stars for which lithium abundances had been measured previously, with the aim of obtaining observational constraints to discriminate between the different mixing mechanisms proposed. Mixing associated with the transport of angular momentum in the stellar interior and internal gravity waves within the framework of rotating evolutionary models, appear to be promising ways to explain the observations.
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In an attempt to carry out a systematic study on the behavior of the photospheric abundances of Li, C, and O (along with Fe) for Hyades main-sequence stars in the T_eff range of ~5000-7000K, we conducted an extensive spectrum-synthesis analysis applied to four spectral regions (comprising lines of Fe-group elements, Li I 6708 line, C I 7111-7119 lines, and O I 6156-8 lines) based on the high-dispersion spectra of 68 selected F-G type stars belonging to this cluster. The abundances of C and O turned out to be fairly uniform in a marginally supersolar level such like the case of Fe: <[C/H]> = +0.15 (sigma = 0.08), <[O/H]> = +0.22 (sigma = 0.14), and <[Fe/H]> = +0.11(sigma = 0.08), suggesting that the primordial abundances are almost retained for these elements. Strictly, however, they show a slightly increasing trend with a decrease in T_eff (typically on the order of ~10^(-4) dex/K; while this might be due to an improper choice of atmospheric parameters, we found it hard to give a quantitatively reasonable explanation. Regarding Li, we confirmed the well-known T_eff-dependent trend in the Li abundance reported so far (a conspicuous Li-trough at 6300K <T_eff< 6700K and a progressive decrease toward a lower T_eff at T_eff < 6000K), which means that the surface Li of Hyades stars is essentially controlled only by T_eff and other parameters such as the rotational velocity are almost irrelevant.
The application to main-sequence stars of the rotation-induced mixing theory in the presence of mu-gradients leads to partial mixing in the lithium destruction region, not visible in the atmosphere. The induced lithium depletion becomes visible in the sub-giant phase as soon as the convective zone deepens enough. This may explain why the observed lithium dilution is smoother and the final dilution factor larger than obtained in standard models, while the lithium abundance variations are very small on the main sequence.
We have derived beryllium abundances in a wide sample of stars hosting planets, with spectral types in the range F7V-K0V, aimed at studying in detail the effects of the presence of planets on the structure and evolution of the associated stars. Predictions from current models are compared with the derived abundances and suggestions are provided to explain the observed inconsistencies. We show that while still not clear, the results suggest that theoretical models may have to be revised for stars with Teff<5500K. On the other hand, a comparison between planet host and non-planet host stars shows no clear difference between both populations. Although preliminary, this result favors a ``primordial origin for the metallicity ``excess observed for the planetary host stars. Under this assumption, i.e. that there would be no differences between stars with and without giant planets, the light element depletion pattern of our sample of stars may also be used to further investigate and constraint Li and Be depletion mechanisms.
Exoplanet-host stars (EHS) are known to present surface chemical abundances different from those of stars without any detected planet (NEHS). EHS are, on the average, overmetallic compared to the Sun. The observations also show that, for cool stars, lithium is more depleted in EHS than in NEHS. The overmetallicity of EHS may be studied in the framework of two different scenarii. We have computed main sequence stellar models with various masses, metallicities and accretion rates. The results show different profiles for the lithium destruction according to the scenario. We compare these results to the spectroscopic observations of lithium.
In this paper we present beryllium (Be) abundances in a large sample of 41 extra-solar planet host stars, and for 29 stars without any known planetary-mass companion, spanning a large range of effective temperatures. The Be abundances were derived through spectral synthesis done in standard Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium, using spectra obtained with various instruments. The results seem to confirm that overall, planet-host stars have ``normal Be abundances, although a small, but not significant, difference might be present. This result is discussed, and we show that this difference is probably not due to any stellar ``pollution events. In other words, our results support the idea that the high-metal content of planet-host stars has, overall, a ``primordial origin. However, we also find a small subset of planet-host late-F and early-G dwarfs that might have higher than average Be abundances. The reason for the offset is not clear, and might be related either to the engulfment of planetary material, to galactic chemical evolution effects, or to stellar-mass differences for stars of similar temperature.
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