No Arabic abstract
We provide a new framework for the joint analysis of cluster observations (JACO) using simultaneous fits to X-ray, Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ), and weak lensing data. Our method fits the mass models simultaneously to all data, provides explicit separation of the gaseous, dark, and stellar components, and--for the first time--allows joint constraints on all measurable physical parameters. JACO includes additional improvements to previous X-ray techniques, such as the treatment of the cluster termination shock and explicit inclusion of the BCGs stellar mass profile. An application of JACO to the rich galaxy cluster Abell 478 shows excellent agreement among the X-ray, lensing, and SZ data. We find that Abell 478 is consistent with a cuspy dark matter profile with inner slope n=1. Accounting for the stellar mass profile of the BCG allows us to rule out inner dark matter slopes n>1.1 at the 99% confidence level. At large radii, an 1/r^3 asymptotic slope is preferred over an 1/r^4 behavior. All single power law dark matter models are ruled out at greater than the 99% confidence level. JACO shows that self-consistent modeling of multiwavelength data can provide powerful constraints on the shape of the dark profile.
We present results from a joint X-ray/Sunyaev-Zeldovich modeling of the intra-cluster gas using XMM-Newton and APEX-SZ imaging data. The goal is to study the physical properties of the intra-cluster gas with a non-parametric de-projection method that is, aside from the assumption of spherical symmetry, free from modeling bias. We demonstrate a decrease of gas temperature in the cluster outskirts, and also measure the gas entropy profile, both of which are obtained for the first time independently of X-ray spectroscopy, using Sunyaev-Zeldovich and X-ray imaging data. The contribution of the APEX-SZ systematic uncertainties in measuring the gas temperature at large radii is shown to be small compared to the XMM-Newton and Chandra systematic spectroscopic errors.
As part of a combined Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect (SZE), X-ray and weak lensing survey of low redshift (z<0.1) X-ray clusters, we present SZE images of the z=0.059 X-ray cluster Abell 3266 at three observing frequencies (150, 220, 275 GHz) and after the spectral subtraction of primary Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies. These images were generated using the ACBAR bolometer array operated on the Viper telescope at the South Pole. The multi-frequency data from ACBAR should allow us to overcome one of the main obstacles facing the analysis of SZE observations of nearby clusters, i.e. contamination from primary Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies.
Measuring the intrinsic shape and orientation of dark matter (DM) and intracluster (IC) gas in galaxy clusters is crucial to constraining their formation and evolution, and for enhancing the use of clusters as more precise cosmological probes. Extending our previous works, we present for the first time results from a triaxial joint analysis of the galaxy cluster Abell 1835, by means of X-ray, strong lensing (SL) and Sunyaev Zeldovich (SZ) data. We parametrically reconstruct the full three-dimensional structure (triaxial shape and principal axis orientation) of both the DM and the IC gas, and the level of non-thermal pressure of the IC gas. We find that the intermediate-major and minor-major axis ratios of the DM are 0.71+/-0.08 and 0.59+/-0.05, respectively, and the major axis of the DM halo is inclined with respect to the line of sight at 18.3+/-5.2 deg. We present the first observational measurement of the non-thermal pressure out to R_{200}, which has been evaluated to be a few percent of the total energy budget in the internal regions, while reaching approximately 20% in the outer volumes. We discuss the implications of our method for the viability of the CDM scenario, focusing on the concentration parameter C and the inner slope of the DM gamma in order to test the cold dark matter (CDM) paradigm for structure formation: we measure gamma=1.01+/-0.06 and C=4.32+/-0.44, values which are close to the predictions of the CDM model. The combination of X-ray/SL data at high spatial resolution, capable of resolving the cluster core, with the SZ data, which are more sensitive to the cluster outer volume, allows us to characterize the level and the gradient of the gas entropy distribution and non-thermal pressure out to R_{200}, breaking the degeneracy among the physical models describing the thermal history of the ICM.
We confront the universal pressure profile (UPP) proposed by~citet{Arnaud10} with the recent measurement of the cross-correlation function of the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect from Planck and weak gravitational lensing measurement from the Red Cluster Sequence lensing survey (RCSLenS). By using the halo model, we calculate the prediction of $xi^{y-kappa}$ (lensing convergence and Compton-$y$ parameter) and $xi^{y-gamma_{rm t}}$ (lensing shear and Compton-$y$ parameter) and fit the UPP parameters by using the observational data. We find consistent UPP parameters when fixing the cosmology to either WMAP 9-year or Planck 2018 best-fitting values. The best constrained parameter is the pressure profile concentration $c_{500}=r_{500}/r_{rm s}$, for which we find $c_{500} = 2.68^{+1.46}_{-0.96}$ (WMAP-9) and $c_{500} = 1.91^{+1.07}_{-0.65}$ (Planck-2018) for the $xi^{y-gamma_t}$ estimator. The shape index for the intermediate radius region $alpha$ parameter is constrained to $alpha=1.75^{+1.29}_{-0.77}$ and $alpha = 1.65^{+0.74}_{-0.5}$ for WMAP-9 and Planck-2018 cosmologies, respectively. Propagating the uncertainties of the UPP parameters to pressure profiles results in a factor of $3$ uncertainty in the shape and magnitude. Further investigation shows that most of the signal of the cross-correlation comes from the low-redshift, inner halo profile ($r leqslant r_{rm vir}/2$) with halo mass in the range of $10^{14}$--$10^{15},{rm M}_{odot}$, suggesting that this is the major regime that constitutes the cross-correlation signal between weak lensing and tSZ.
We present a joint weak lensing and X-ray analysis of 4 deg$^2$ from the CFHTLS and XMM-LSS surveys. Our weak lensing analysis is the first analysis of a real survey using shapelets, a new generation weak lensing analysis method. We create projected mass maps of the images, and extract 6 weak-lensing-detected clusters of galaxies. We show that their counts can be used to constrain the power spectrum normalisation $sigma_8 =0.92_{-0.30}^{+0.26}$ for $Omega_m=0.24$. We show that despite the large scatter generally observed in the M-T relation derived from lensing masses, tight constraints on both its slope and normalisation $M_*$ can be obtained with a moderate number of sources provided that the covered mass range is large enough. Adding clusters from Bardeau et al. (2007) to our sample, we measure $M_* = 2.71_{-0.61}^{+0.79} 10^{14} h^{-1} M_odot$. Although they are dominated by shot noise and sample variance, our measurements are consistent with currently favoured values, and set the stage for future surveys. We thus investigate the dependence of those estimates on survey size, depth, and integration time, for joint weak lensing and X-ray surveys. We show that deep surveys should be dedicated to the study of the physics of clusters and groups of galaxies. For a given exposure time, wide surveys provide a larger number of detected clusters and are therefore preferred for the measurement of cosmological parameters such as $sigma_8$ and $M_*$. We show that a wide survey of a few hundred square degrees is needed to improve upon current measurements of these parameters. More ambitious surveys covering 7000 deg$^2$ will provide the 1% accuracy in the estimation of the power spectrum and the M-T relation normalisations.