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Register a new userProbing the cluster pressure profile with thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect and weak lensing cross-correlation
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We confront the universal pressure profile (UPP) proposed by~citet{Arnaud10} with the recent measurement of the cross-correlation function of the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect from Planck and weak gravitational lensing measurement from the Red Cluster Sequence lensing survey (RCSLenS). By using the halo model, we calculate the prediction of $xi^{y-kappa}$ (lensing convergence and Compton-$y$ parameter) and $xi^{y-gamma_{rm t}}$ (lensing shear and Compton-$y$ parameter) and fit the UPP parameters by using the observational data. We find consistent UPP parameters when fixing the cosmology to either WMAP 9-year or Planck 2018 best-fitting values. The best constrained parameter is the pressure profile concentration $c_{500}=r_{500}/r_{rm s}$, for which we find $c_{500} = 2.68^{+1.46}_{-0.96}$ (WMAP-9) and $c_{500} = 1.91^{+1.07}_{-0.65}$ (Planck-2018) for the $xi^{y-gamma_t}$ estimator. The shape index for the intermediate radius region $alpha$ parameter is constrained to $alpha=1.75^{+1.29}_{-0.77}$ and $alpha = 1.65^{+0.74}_{-0.5}$ for WMAP-9 and Planck-2018 cosmologies, respectively. Propagating the uncertainties of the UPP parameters to pressure profiles results in a factor of $3$ uncertainty in the shape and magnitude. Further investigation shows that most of the signal of the cross-correlation comes from the low-redshift, inner halo profile ($r leqslant r_{rm vir}/2$) with halo mass in the range of $10^{14}$--$10^{15},{rm M}_{odot}$, suggesting that this is the major regime that constitutes the cross-correlation signal between weak lensing and tSZ.
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Hot, ionized gas leaves an imprint on the cosmic microwave background via the thermal Sunyaev Zeldovich (tSZ) effect. The cross-correlation of gravitational lensing (which traces the projected mass) with the tSZ effect (which traces the projected gas pressure) is a powerful probe of the thermal state of ionized baryons throughout the Universe, and is sensitive to effects such as baryonic feedback. In a companion paper (Gatti et al. 2021), we present tomographic measurements and validation tests of the cross-correlation between galaxy shear measurements from the first three years of observations of the Dark Energy Survey, and tSZ measurements from a combination of Atacama Cosmology Telescope and ${it Planck}$ observations. In this work, we use the same measurements to constrain models for the pressure profiles of halos across a wide range of halo mass and redshift. We find evidence for reduced pressure in low mass halos, consistent with predictions for the effects of feedback from active galactic nuclei. We infer the hydrostatic mass bias ($B equiv M_{500c}/M_{rm SZ}$) from our measurements, finding $B = 1.8pm0.1$ when adopting the ${it Planck}$-preferred cosmological parameters. We additionally find that our measurements are consistent with a non-zero redshift evolution of $B$, with the correct sign and sufficient magnitude to explain the mass bias necessary to reconcile cluster count measurements with the ${it Planck}$-preferred cosmology. Our analysis introduces a model for the impact of intrinsic alignments (IA) of galaxy shapes on the shear-tSZ correlation. We show that IA can have a significant impact on these correlations at current noise levels.
We use the cosmo-OWLS suite of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, which includes different galactic feedback models, to predict the cross-correlation signal between weak gravitational lensing and the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) $y$-parameter. The predictions are compared to the recent detection reported by van Waerbeke and collaborators. The simulations reproduce the weak lensing-tSZ cross-correlation, $xi_{ykappa}(theta)$, well. The uncertainty arising from different possible feedback models appears to be important on small scales only ($theta lesssim 10$ arcmin), while the amplitude of the correlation on all scales is sensitive to cosmological parameters that control the growth rate of structure (such as $sigma_8$, $Omega_m$ and $Omega_b$). This study confirms our previous claim (in Ma et al.) that a significant proportion of the signal originates from the diffuse gas component in low-mass ($M_{rm{halo}} lesssim 10^{14} M_{odot}$) clusters as well as from the region beyond the virial radius. We estimate that approximately 20$%$ of the detected signal comes from low-mass clusters, which corresponds to about 30$%$ of the baryon density of the Universe. The simulations also suggest that more than half of the baryons in the Universe are in the form of diffuse gas outside halos ($gtrsim 5$ times the virial radius) which is not hot or dense enough to produce a significant tSZ signal or be observed by X-ray experiments. Finally, we show that future high-resolution tSZ-lensing cross-correlation observations will serve as a powerful tool for discriminating between different galactic feedback models.
We present novel statistical tools to cross-correlate frequency cleaned thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) maps and tomographic weak lensing (wl) convergence maps. Moving beyond the lowest order cross-correlation, we introduce a hierarchy of mixed higher-order statistics, the cumulants and cumulant correlators, to analyze non-Gaussianity in real space, as well as corresponding polyspectra in the harmonic domain. Using these moments, we derive analytical expressions for the joint two-point probability distribution function (2PDF) for smoothed tSZ (y_s) and convergence (kappa_s) maps. The presence of tomographic information allows us to study the evolution of higher order {em mixed} tSZ-weak lensing statistics with redshift. We express the joint PDFs p_{kappa y}(kappa_s,y_s) in terms of individual one-point PDFs (p_{kappa}(kappa_s), p_y(y_s)) and the relevant bias functions (b_{kappa}(kappa_s), b_y(y_s)). Analytical results for two different regimes are presented that correspond to the small and large angular smoothing scales. Results are also obtained for corresponding {em hot spots} in the tSZ and convergence maps. In addition to results based on hierarchical techniques and perturbative methods, we present results of calculations based on the lognormal approximation. The analytical expressions derived here are generic and applicable to cross-correlation studies of arbitrary tracers of large scale structure including e.g. that of tSZ and soft X-ray background.
We measure the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) skewness power spectrum in $textit{Planck}$, using frequency maps of the HFI instrument and the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) component map. The two-to-one skewness power spectrum measures the cross-correlation between CMB lensing and the thermal SZ effect. We also directly measure the same cross-correlation using $textit{Planck}$ CMB lensing map and the SZ map and compare it to the cross-correlation derived from the skewness power spectrum. We model fit the SZ power spectrum and CMB lensing-SZ cross power spectrum via the skewness power spectrum to constrain the gas pressure profile of dark matter halos. The gas pressure profile is compared to existing measurements in the literature including a direct estimate based on the stacking of SZ clusters in $textit{Planck}$.
Stacking cosmic microwave background (CMB) maps around known galaxy clusters and groups provides a powerful probe of the distribution of hot gas in these systems via the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect. A stacking analysis allows one to detect the average SZ signal around low mass halos, and to extend measurements out to large scales, which are too faint to detect individually in the SZ or in X-ray emission. In addition, cross correlations between SZ maps and other tracers of large-scale structure (with known redshifts) can be used to extract the redshift-dependence of the SZ background. Motivated by these exciting prospects, we measure the two-point cross-correlation function between a catalog of $sim 380,000$ galaxy groups (with redshifts spanning $z=0.01-0.2$) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and Compton-y parameter maps constructed by the Planck collaboration. We find statistically significant correlations between the group catalog and Compton-y maps in each of six separate mass bins, with estimated halo masses in the range $10^{11.5-15.5} M_odot/h$. We compare these measurements with halo models of the SZ signal, which describe the stacked measurement in terms of one-halo and two-halo terms. The one-halo term quantifies the average pressure profile around the groups in a mass bin, while the two-halo term describes the contribution of correlated neighboring halos. For the more massive groups we find clear evidence for the one- and two-halo regimes, while groups with mass below $10^{13} M_odot/h$ are dominated by the two-halo term given the resolution of Planck data. We use the signal in the two-halo regime to determine the bias-weighted electron pressure of the universe: $langle b P_e rangle= 1.50 pm 0.226 times 10^{-7}$ keV cm$^{-3}$ (1-$sigma$) at $zapprox 0.15$.
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