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Jorick S. Vink
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For the occasion of the official retirement of Henny Lamers, a meeting was held to celebrate Hennys contribution to mass loss from stars and stellar clusters. Stellar mass loss is crucial for understanding the life and death of massive stars, as well as their environments. Henny has made important contributions to many aspects of our understanding of hot-star winds. Here, the most dominant aspects of the stellar part of the meeting: (i) O star wind clumping, (ii) mass loss near the Eddington limit, and (iii) and the driving of Wolf-Rayet winds, are highlighted.
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The development and progress of the studies of winds and mass loss from hot stars, from about 1965 up to now, is discussed in a personal historical perspective. The present state of knowledge about stellar winds, based on papers presented at this workshop, is described. About ten years ago the mechanisms of the winds were reasonably well understood, the mass loss rates were known, and the predictions of stellar evolution theory with mass loss agreed with observations. However, recent studies especially those based on FUSE observations, have resulted in a significant reduction of the mass loss rates, that disagrees with predictions from radiation driven wind models. The situation is discussed and future studies that can clarify the situation are suggested. I also discuss what is known about the dissolution of star clusters in different environments. The dissolution time can be derived from the mass and age distributions of cluster samples. The resulting dissolution times of clusters in the solar neighborhood (SN) and in interacting galaxies are shorter than predicted by two-body relaxation of clusters in a tidal field. Encounters with giant molecular clouds can explain the fate of clusters in the SN and are the most likely cause of the short lifetime of clusters in interacting galaxies.
I am an industrial mathematician. When asked to identify my profession or academic field of study, this is the most concise answer I can provide. However, this seemingly straightforward statement is commonly greeted by a blank stare or an uncomfortable silence, regardless of whether I am speaking to a fellow mathematician or a non-mathematician. I usually follow up with the clarification: I am an applied mathematician who derives much of my inspiration from the study of industrial problems that I encounter through collaborations with companies. This dispels some confusion, but unfortunately still leaves a great deal open to interpretation owing to the vagueness of the words mathematics, industry and company, each of which covers an extremely broad range of scientific or socio-economic activity. To those academics who actually work in the field of industrial mathematics (and whose perspective referred to in the title is the focus of this article) this ambiguity is familiar and untroubling. However, for anyone less acquainted with the work of industrial mathematicians, some clarification is desirable especially for anyone who might be considering entering the field. This essay therefore aims to shed light upon the nature of research being done at the interface between mathematics and industry, paying particular attention to the following questions: What is industrial mathematics? Where is industrial mathematics? How does one do industrial mathematics? Why (or more precisely, what value is there in doing) industrial mathematics? I will attempt to answer these questions by means of several case studies drawn from my own experience in tackling mathematical problems from industry.
This is an attempt to illustrate the glorious history of logical foundations and to discuss the uncertain future.
This is a summary of the `Astronomy Perspective of the 4th meeting on Statistical Challenges in Modern Astronomy held at Penn State University in June 2006. We comment on trends in the Astronomy community towards Bayesian methods and model selection criteria. We describe two examples where Bayesian methods have improved our inference: (i) photometric redshift estimation (ii) orbital parameters of extra-solar planets. We also comment on the pros and cons of Globalization of scientific research. Communities like Astronomy, High Energy Physics and Statistics develop ideas separately, but also have frequent interaction. This illustrates the benefits of comparing notes.
In this overview I sketch briefly the path to the so-called {em t-J model} derived for the first time 30 years ago and provide its original meaning within the theory of strongly correlated magnetic metals with a non-Fermi (non-Landau) liquid ground state. An emergence of the concept of {em real space pairing}, is discussed in a historical prospective. A generalization of this model to the many-orbital situation is briefly discussed. The emphasis is put on didactical exposition of ideas, as they were transformed into mathematical language. The concept of {em hybrid pairing} is introduced in the same context at the end.
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