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Register a new userA study of the 15 micron quasars in the ELAIS N1 and N2 fields
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Added by
Hatziminaoglou Evanthia
Publication date
2004
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
Authors
A. Afonso-Luis
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This paper discusses properties of the European Large Area ISO Survey 15 micron quasars and tries to establish a robust method of quasar selection for future use within the Spitzer Wide-Area Infrared Extragalactic Survey (SWIRE) framework. The importance of good quality ground-based optical data is stressed, both for the candidates selection and for the photometric redshifts estimates. Colour-colour plots and template fitting are used for these purposes. The properties of the 15 micron quasars sample are studied, including variability and black hole masses and compared to the properties of other quasars that lie within the same fields but have no mid-infrared counterparts. The two subsamples do not present substantial differences and are believed to come from the same parent population.
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We present the optical identification of mid-IR and radio sources detected in the European Large Area ISO Survey (ELAIS) areas N1 and N2. Using the r band optical data from the Wide Field Survey we apply a likelihood ratio method to search for the counterparts of the 1056 and 691 sources detected at 15 micron and 1.4 GHz respectively, down to flux limits of S_{15}=0.5 mJy and S_{1.4 GHz}=0.135 mJy. We find that ~92% of the 15 micron ELAIS sources have an optical counterpart down to the magnitude limit of the optical data, r=24. All mid-IR sources with fluxes S_{15} >= 3 mJy have an optical counterpart. The magnitude distribution of the sources shows a well defined peak at relatively bright magnitudes r~18. About 20% of the identified sources show a point-like morphology; its magnitude distribution has a peak at fainter magnitudes than those of galaxies. The mid-IR-to-optical and radio-to-optical flux diagrams are presented and discussed in terms of actual galaxy models. Objects with mid-IR-to-optical fluxes larger than 1000 are found that can only be explained as highly obscured star forming galaxies or AGNs. Blank fields being 8% of the 15 micron sample have even larger ratios suggesting that they may be associated with higher redshift and higher obscured objects.
The Spitzer Space Telescope has undertaken the deepest ever observations of the 24 micron sky in the ELAIS-N1 field as part of GOODS Science Verification observations. We present the shape of the 24 micron source counts in the flux range 20-1000 microJy, discuss the redshift distribution and nature of these sources with particular emphasis on their near-infrared counterparts.
We present deep polarimetric observations of the European Large Area ISO Survey-North 1 (ELAIS-N1) field using the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) at 114.9-177.4 MHz. The ELAIS-N1 field is part of the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey deep fields data release I. For six eight-hour observing epochs, we align the polarization angles and stack the 20-resolution Stokes $Q$, $U$-parameter data cubes. This produces a 16 deg$^2$ image with 1$sigma_{rm QU}$ sensitivity of 26 $mu$Jy/beam in the central area. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of the stacking technique, and we generate a catalog of polarized sources in ELAIS-N1 and their associated Faraday rotation measures (RMs). While in a single-epoch observation we detect three polarized sources, this number increases by a factor of about three when we consider the stacked data, with a total of ten sources. This yields a surface density of polarized sources of one per 1.6 deg$^2$. The Stokes $I$ images of three of the ten detected polarized sources have morphologies resembling those of FR I radio galaxies. This represents a greater fraction of this type of source than previously found, which suggests that more sensitive observations may help with their detection.
We report the discovery of a remnant radio AGN J1615+5452 in the field of ELAIS-N1. GMRT continuum observations at 150, 325 and 610 MHz combined with archival data from the 1.4 GHz NVSS survey were used to derive the radio spectrum of the source. At a redshift $z sim$ 0.33, J1615+5452 has a linear size of $sim$ 100 kpc and spectral indices ranging between $alpha^{1400}_{610} < -1.5$ and $alpha^{325}_{150} = -0.61 pm 0.12$. While the source has a diffuse radio emission at low frequencies, we do not find evidence of core, jets or hotspots in the 1.4,GHz VLA data of $sim 5$ arcsec angular resolution. Such morphological properties coupled with a curved radio spectrum suggest that the AGN fueling mechanisms undergo a shortage of energy supply which is typical of a dying radio AGN. This is consistent with the observed steep curvature in the spectrum $Deltaalpha approx -1$, the estimated synchrotron age of $t_{rm s}=76.0^{+7.4}_{-8.7}$ Myr and a $t_{rm off}/t_{rm s}$ ratio of $sim 0.3$.
The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) will cover the full northern sky and, additionally, aims to observe the LoTSS deep fields to a noise level of ~10 microJy/bm over several tens of square degrees in areas that have the most extensive ancillary data. This paper presents the ELAIS-N1 deep field, the deepest of the LoTSS deep fields to date. With an effective observing time of 163.7 hours, it reaches a root mean square (RMS) noise level below 20 microJy/bm in the central region (and below 30 microJy/bm over 10 square degrees). The resolution is 6 arcsecs and 84862 radio sources were detected in the full area (68 sq. deg.) with 74127 sources in the highest quality area at less than 3 degrees from the pointing centre. The observation reaches a sky density of more than 5000 sources per sq. deg. in the central ~5 sq. deg. region. We present the calibration procedure, which addresses the special configuration of some observations and the extended bandwidth covered (115 to 177 MHz; central frequency 146.2 MHz) compared to standard LoTSS. We also describe the methods used to calibrate the flux density scale using cross-matching with sources detected by other radio surveys in the literature. We find the flux density uncertainty related to the flux density scale to be ~6.5%. By studying the variations of the flux density measurements between different epochs, we show that relative flux density calibration is reliable out to about a 3 degree radius, but that additional flux density uncertainty is present for all sources at about the 3 per cent level; this is likely to be associated with residual calibration errors, and is shown to be more significant in datasets with poorer ionosphere conditions. We also provide intra-band spectral indices, which can be useful to detect sources with unusual spectral properties. The final uncertainty in the flux densities is estimated to be ~10% for ELAIS-N1.
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