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The diffraction limit is a fundamental barrier in optical microscopy, which restricts the smallest resolvable feature size of a microscopic system. Microsphere-based microscopy has proven to be a promosing tool for challenging the diffraction limit. Nevertheless, the microspheres have a low imaging contrast in the air, which hinders the application of this technique. In this Letter, we demonstrate that this challenge can be effectively overcome by using partially Ag-plated microspheres. The deposited Ag film acts as an aperture stop that blocks a portion of the incident beam, forming a photonic hook with oblique near-field illumination. Such a photonic hook significantly enhanced imaging contrast, as experimentally verified by imaging Blu-ray disc surface and silica particle arrays.
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It has been shown that negative refraction makes a perfect lens. However, with little loss, the imaging functionality will be strongly compromised. Later on, it was proved that positive refraction from Maxwells fish-eye lens can also makes a perfect lens. However, strong debating happens on the introduced drain problem at the imaging position. In this work, we for the first time find that a solid immersion Maxwells fish-eye lens could be used for super-resolution imaging. We find that it is due to the perfect focusing and total reflection at the outer interface, such that a super-resolution image is formed at the required position in the air background. This simple mechanism will also be valid for other absolute instruments and more versatile super-imaging systems will be anticipated.
Despite super-resolution fluorescence blinking microscopes break the diffraction limit, the intense phototoxic illumination and long-term image sequences thus far still pose to major challenges in visualizing live-organisms. Here, we proposed a super-resolution method based on auto-correlation two-step deconvolution (SACD) to enhance the temporal resolution at lower signal intensity levels. Unlike conventional techniques, such as super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) or stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM), our model allows 16 frames to generate super-resolution images, without noticeable degradation in recording quality. We demonstrate SACD both in simulated predictions and experimental validations, with the resulting spatial resolution of 64 nm and 2-10 fold speed improvements. The use of low signal-to-noise ratio acquisition of image sequences, our SACD enables fast, background-free, super-resolution imaging that maybe advance implemented as a suitable tool for rapid live-cells imaging.
Super-resolution imaging with advanced optical systems has been revolutionizing technical analysis in various fields from biological to physical sciences. However, many objects are hidden by strongly scattering media such as rough wall corners or biological tissues that scramble light paths, create speckle patterns and hinder objects visualization, let alone super-resolution imaging. Here, we realize a method to do non-invasive super-resolution imaging through scattering media based on stochastic optical scattering localization imaging (SOSLI) technique. Simply by capturing multiple speckle patterns of photo-switchable emitters in our demonstration, the stochastic approach utilizes the speckle correlation properties of scattering media to retrieve an image with more than five-fold resolution enhancement compared to the diffraction limit, while posing no fundamental limit in achieving higher spatial resolution. More importantly, we demonstrate our SOSLI to do non-invasive super-resolution imaging through not only optical diffusers, i.e. static scattering media, but also biological tissues, i.e. dynamic scattering media with decorrelation of up to 80%. Our approach paves the way to non-invasively visualize various samples behind scattering media at unprecedented levels of detail.
Based on compressive sampling techniques and short exposure imaging, super-resolution imaging with thermal light is experimentally demonstrated exploiting the sparse prior property of images for standard conventional imaging system. Differences between super-resolution imaging demonstrated in this letter and super-resolution ghost imaging via compressive sampling (arXiv. Quant-ph/0911.4750v1 (2009)), and methods to further improve the imaging quality are also discussed.
We reveal the existence of optical super-resonance modes supported by dielectric microspheres. These modes,with field-intensity enhancement factors on the order of 10^4-10^5, can be directly obtained from analytical calculations. In contrast to usual optical resonances, which are related to the poles of the electric and magnetic scattering amplitudes, super-resonance modes are related to the poles of the internal field coefficients, obtained for specific values of the size parameter. We also reveal the connection of these super-resonances in the generation of magnetic nanojets and of giant magnetic fields in particles with high refractive index.
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