Subscribe to the gold package and get unlimited access to Shamra Academy
Register a new userMulti-epoch searches for relativistic binary pulsars and fast transients in the Galactic Centre
107
0
0.0
(
0
)
Ask ChatGPT about the research
No Arabic abstract
The high stellar density in the central parsecs around the Galactic Centre makes it a seemingly favourable environment for finding relativistic binary pulsars. These include pulsars orbiting other neutron stars, stellar-mass black holes or the central supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A*. Here we present multi-epoch pulsar searches of the Galactic Centre at four observing frequencies, (4.85, 8.35, 14.6 18.95) GHz, using the Effelsberg 100-m radio telescope. Observations were conducted one year prior to the discovery of, and during monitoring observations of, the Galactic Centre magnetar PSR J1745-2900. Our data analysis features acceleration searches on progressively shorter time series to maintain sensitivity to relativistic binary pulsars. The multi-epoch observations increase the likelihood of discovering transient or nulling pulsars, or ensure orbital phases are observed at which acceleration search methods work optimally. In ~147 h of separate observations, no previously undiscovered pulsars have been detected. Through calibration observations, we conclude this might be due to insufficient instantaneous sensitivity; caused by the intense continuum emission from the Galactic Centre, its large distance and, at higher frequencies, the aggregate effect of steep pulsar spectral indices and atmospheric contributions to the system temperature. Additionally we find that for millisecond pulsars in wide circular orbits ~<800 d around Sagittarius A*, linear acceleration effects cannot be corrected in deep observations (9 h) with existing software tools. Pulsar searches of the Galactic Centre with the next generation of radio telescopes - such as MeerKat, ngVLA and SKA1-mid - will have improved chances of uncovering this elusive population.
rate research
Read More
Through high-precision radio timing observations, we show that five recycled pulsars in the direction of the Galactic Centre (GC) have anomalous spin period time derivative ($dot P$) measurements -- PSRs J1748$-$3009, J1753$-$2819, J1757$-$2745, and J1804$-$2858 show negative values of $dot P$ and PSR J1801$-$3210 is found to have an exceptionally small value of $dot P$. We attribute these observed $dot P$ measurements to acceleration of these pulsars along their lines-of-sight (LOSs) due to the Galactic gravitational field. Using models of the Galactic mass distribution and pulsar velocities, we constrain the distances to these pulsars, placing them on the far-side of the Galaxy, providing the first accurate distance measurements to pulsars located in this region and allowing us to consider the electron density along these LOSs. We find the new electron density model YMW16 to be more consistent with these observations than the previous model NE2001. The LOS dynamics further constrain the model-dependent intrinsic $dot P$ values for these pulsars and they are consistent with measurements for other known pulsars. In the future, the independent distance measurements to these and other pulsars near the GC would allow us to constrain the Galactic gravitational potential more accurately.
Pulsars in the Galactic centre promise to enable unparalleled tests of gravity theories and black hole physics and to serve as probes of the stellar formation history and evolution and the interstellar medium in the complex central region of the Milky Way. The community has surveyed the innermost region of the galaxy for decades without detecting a population of pulsars, which is puzzling. A strong scattering of the pulsed signals in this particular direction has been argued to be a potential reason for the non-detections. Scattering has a strong inverse dependence on observing frequency, therefore an effective way to alleviate its effect is to use higher frequencies in a survey for pulsars in the Galactic centre, in particular, close to the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A*. We present the first pulsar survey at short millimetre wavelengths, using several frequency bands between 84 and 156 GHz (3.57-1.92 mm), targeted to the Galactic centre. The observations were made with the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimetrique (IRAM) 30m Telescope in 28 epochs between 2016 December and 2018 May. This survey is the first that is essentially unaffected by scattering and therefore unbiased in population coverage, including fast-spinning pulsars that might be out of reach of lower-frequency Galactic centre surveys. We discovered no new pulsars and relate this result mainly to the decreased flux density of pulsars at high frequencies, combined with our current sensitivity. However, we demonstrate that surveys at these extremely high radio frequencies are capable of discovering new pulsars, analyse their sensitivity limits with respect to a simulated Galactic centre pulsar population, and discuss the main challenges and possible improvements for similar surveys in the future.
Evidence has increasingly mounted in recent decades that outflows of matter and energy from the central parsecs of our Galaxy have shaped the observed structure of the Milky Way on a variety of larger scales. On scales of ~15 pc, the Galactic centre has bipolar lobes that can be seen in both X-rays and radio, indicating broadly collimated outflows from the centre, directed perpendicular to the Galactic plane. On far larger scales approaching the size of the Galaxy itself, gamma-ray observations have identified the so-called Fermi Bubble features, implying that our Galactic centre has, or has recently had, a period of active energy release leading to a production of relativistic particles that now populate huge cavities on both sides of the Galactic plane. The X-ray maps from the ROSAT all-sky survey show that the edges of these cavities close to the Galactic plane are bright in X-rays. At intermediate scales (~150 pc), radio astronomers have found the Galactic Centre Lobe, an apparent bubble of emission seen only at positive Galactic latitudes, but again indicative of energy injection from near the Galactic centre. Here we report the discovery of prominent X-ray structures on these intermediate (hundred-parsec) scales above and below the plane, which appear to connect the Galactic centre region to the Fermi bubbles. We propose that these newly-discovered structures, which we term the Galactic Centre Chimneys, constitute a channel through which energy and mass, injected by a quasi-continuous train of episodic events at the Galactic centre, are transported from the central parsecs to the base of the Fermi bubbles.
We have conducted two pilot surveys for radio pulsars and fast transients with the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) around 140 MHz and here report on the first low-frequency fast-radio burst limit and the discovery of two new pulsars. The first survey, the LOFAR Pilot Pulsar Survey (LPPS), observed a large fraction of the northern sky, ~1.4 x 10^4 sq. deg, with 1-hr dwell times. Each observation covered ~75 sq. deg using 7 independent fields formed by incoherently summing the high-band antenna fields. The second pilot survey, the LOFAR Tied-Array Survey (LOTAS), spanned ~600 sq. deg, with roughly a 5-fold increase in sensitivity compared with LPPS. Using a coherent sum of the 6 LOFAR Superterp stations, we formed 19 tied-array beams, together covering 4 sq. deg per pointing. From LPPS we derive a limit on the occurrence, at 142 MHz, of dispersed radio bursts of < 150 /day/sky, for bursts brighter than S > 107 Jy for the narrowest searched burst duration of 0.66 ms. In LPPS, we re-detected 65 previously known pulsars. LOTAS discovered two pulsars, the first with LOFAR or any digital aperture array. LOTAS also re-detected 27 previously known pulsars. These pilot studies show that LOFAR can efficiently carry out all-sky surveys for pulsars and fast transients, and they set the stage for further surveying efforts using LOFAR and the planned low-frequency component of the Square Kilometer Array.
Low frequency radio waves, while challenging to observe, are a rich source of information about pulsars. The LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) is a new radio interferometer operating in the lowest 4 octaves of the ionospheric radio window: 10-240MHz, that will greatly facilitate observing pulsars at low radio frequencies. Through the huge collecting area, long baselines, and flexible digital hardware, it is expected that LOFAR will revolutionize radio astronomy at the lowest frequencies visible from Earth. LOFAR is a next-generation radio telescope and a pathfinder to the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), in that it incorporates advanced multi-beaming techniques between thousands of individual elements. We discuss the motivation for low-frequency pulsar observations in general and the potential of LOFAR in addressing these science goals. We present LOFAR as it is designed to perform high-time-resolution observations of pulsars and other fast transients, and outline the various relevant observing modes and data reduction pipelines that are already or will soon be implemented to facilitate these observations. A number of results obtained from commissioning observations are presented to demonstrate the exciting potential of the telescope. This paper outlines the case for low frequency pulsar observations and is also intended to serve as a reference for upcoming pulsar/fast transient science papers with LOFAR.
Log in to be able to interact and post comments
comments
Fetching comments
Sign in to be able to follow your search criteria
