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Register a new userA family of codes with variable locality and availability
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Added by
Cicero Carvalho
Publication date
2021
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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In this work we present a class of locally recoverable codes, i.e. codes where an erasure at a position $P$ of a codeword may be recovered from the knowledge of the entries in the positions of a recovery set $R_P$. The codes in the class that we define have availability, meaning that for each position $P$ there are several distinct recovery sets. Also, the entry at position $P$ may be recovered even in the presence of erasures in some of the positions of the recovery sets, and the number of supported erasures may vary among the various recovery sets.
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Locally recoverable codes were introduced by Gopalan et al. in 2012, and in the same year Prakash et al. introduced the concept of codes with locality, which are a type of locally recoverable codes. In this work we introduce a new family of codes with locality, which are subcodes of a certain family of evaluation codes. We determine the dimension of these codes, and also bounds for the minimum distance. We present the true values of the minimum distance in special cases, and also show that elements of this family are optimal codes, as defined by Prakash et al.
Maximum distance separable (MDS) codes are very important in both theory and practice. There is a classical construction of a family of $[2^m+1, 2u-1, 2^m-2u+3]$ MDS codes for $1 leq u leq 2^{m-1}$, which are cyclic, reversible and BCH codes over $mathrm{GF}(2^m)$. The objective of this paper is to study the quaternary subfield subcodes and quaternary subfield codes of a subfamily of the MDS codes for even $m$. A family of quaternary cyclic codes is obtained. These quaternary codes are distance-optimal in some cases and very good in general. Furthermore, infinite families of $3$-designs from these quaternary codes are presented.
This paper studies the problem of code symbol availability: a code symbol is said to have $(r, t)$-availability if it can be reconstructed from $t$ disjoint groups of other symbols, each of size at most $r$. For example, $3$-replication supports $(1, 2)$-availability as each symbol can be read from its $t= 2$ other (disjoint) replicas, i.e., $r=1$. However, the rate of replication must vanish like $frac{1}{t+1}$ as the availability increases. This paper shows that it is possible to construct codes that can support a scaling number of parallel reads while keeping the rate to be an arbitrarily high constant. It further shows that this is possible with the minimum distance arbitrarily close to the Singleton bound. This paper also presents a bound demonstrating a trade-off between minimum distance, availability and locality. Our codes match the aforementioned bound and their construction relies on combinatorial objects called resolvable designs. From a practical standpoint, our codes seem useful for distributed storage applications involving hot data, i.e., the information which is frequently accessed by multiple processes in parallel.
We propose a framework to study the effect of local recovery requirements of codeword symbols on the dimension of linear codes, based on a combinatorial proxy that we call emph{visible rank}. The locality constraints of a linear code are stipulated by a matrix $H$ of $star$s and $0$s (which we call a stencil), whose rows correspond to the local parity checks (with the $star$s indicating the support of the check). The visible rank of $H$ is the largest $r$ for which there is a $r times r$ submatrix in $H$ with a unique generalized diagonal of $star$s. The visible rank yields a field-independent combinatorial lower bound on the rank of $H$ and thus the co-dimension of the code. We prove a rank-nullity type theorem relating visible rank to the rank of an associated construct called emph{symmetric spanoid}, which was introduced by Dvir, Gopi, Gu, and Wigderson~cite{DGGW20}. Using this connection and a construction of appropriate stencils, we answer a question posed in cite{DGGW20} and demonstrate that symmetric spanoid rank cannot improve the currently best known $widetilde{O}(n^{(q-2)/(q-1)})$ upper bound on the dimension of $q$-query locally correctable codes (LCCs) of length $n$. We also study the $t$-Disjoint Repair Group Property ($t$-DRGP) of codes where each codeword symbol must belong to $t$ disjoint check equations. It is known that linear $2$-DRGP codes must have co-dimension $Omega(sqrt{n})$. We show that there are stencils corresponding to $2$-DRGP with visible rank as small as $O(log n)$. However, we show the second tensor of any $2$-DRGP stencil has visible rank $Omega(n)$, thus recovering the $Omega(sqrt{n})$ lower bound for $2$-DRGP. For $q$-LCC, however, the $k$th tensor power for $kle n^{o(1)}$ is unable to improve the $widetilde{O}(n^{(q-2)/(q-1)})$ upper bound on the dimension of $q$-LCCs by a polynomial factor.
The paper presents techniques for analyzing the expected download time in distributed storage systems that employ systematic availability codes. These codes provide access to hot data through the systematic server containing the object and multiple recovery groups. When a request for an object is received, it can be replicated (forked) to the systematic server and all recovery groups. We first consider the low-traffic regime and present the close-form expression for the download time. By comparison across systems with availability, maximum distance separable (MDS), and replication codes, we demonstrate that availability codes can reduce download time in some settings but are not always optimal. In the high-traffic regime, the system consists of multiple inter-dependent Fork-Join queues, making exact analysis intractable. Accordingly, we present upper and lower bounds on the download time, and an M/G/1 queue approximation for several cases of interest. Via extensive numerical simulations, we evaluate our bounds and demonstrate that the M/G/1 queue approximation has a high degree of accuracy.
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