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The flagship measurement of the JUNO experiment is the determination of the neutrino mass ordering. Here we revisit its prospects to make this determination by 2030, using the current global knowledge of the relevant neutrino parameters as well as current information on the reactor configuration and the critical parameters of the JUNO detector. We pay particular attention to the non-linear detector energy response. Using the measurement of $theta_{13}$ from Daya Bay, but without information from other experiments, we estimate the probability of JUNO determining the neutrino mass ordering at $ge$ 3$sigma$ to be 31% by 2030. As this probability is particularly sensitive to the true values of the oscillation parameters, especially $Delta m^2_{21}$, JUNOs improved measurements of $sin^2 theta_{12}$, $Delta m^2_{21}$ and $|Delta m^2_{ee}|$, obtained after a couple of years of operation, will allow an updated estimate of the probability that JUNO alone can determine the neutrino mass ordering by the end of the decade. Combining JUNOs measurement of $|Delta m^2_{ee}|$ with other experiments in a global fit will most likely lead to an earlier determination of the mass ordering.
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Determination of the neutrino mass ordering (NMO) is one of the biggest priorities in the intensity frontier of high energy particle physics. To accomplish that goal a lot of efforts are being put together with the atmospheric, solar, reactor, and accelerator neutrinos. In the standard 3-flavor framework, NMO is defined to be normal if $m_1<m_2<m_3$, and inverted if $m_3<m_1<m_2$, where $m_1$, $m_2$, and $m_3$ are the masses of the three neutrino mass eigenstates $ u_1$, $ u_2$, and $ u_3$ respectively. Interestingly, two long-baseline experiments T2K and NO$ u$A are playing a leading role in this direction and provide a $sim2.4sigma$ indication in favor of normal ordering (NO) which we find in this work. In addition, we examine how the situation looks like in presence of non-standard interactions (NSI) of neutrinos with a special focus on the non-diagonal flavor changing type $varepsilon_{etau}$ and $varepsilon_{emu}$. We find that the present indication of NO in the standard 3-flavor framework gets completely vanished in the presence of NSI of the flavor changing type involving the $e-tau$ flavors.
We hereby illustrate and numerically demonstrate via a simplified proof of concept calculation tuned to the latest average neutrino global data that the combined sensitivity of JUNO with NOvA and T2K experiments has the potential to be the first fully resolved ($geq$5$sigma$) measurement of neutrino Mass Ordering (MO) around 2028; tightly linked to the JUNO schedule. Our predictions account for the key ambiguities and the most relevant $pm$1$sigma$ data fluctuations. In the absence of any concrete MO theoretical prediction and given its intrinsic binary outcome, we highlight the benefits of having such a resolved measurement in the light of the remarkable MO resolution ability of the next generation of long baseline neutrino beams experiments. We motivate the opportunity of exploiting the MO experimental framework to scrutinise the standard oscillation model, thus, opening for unique discovery potential, should unexpected discrepancies manifest. Phenomenologically, the deepest insight relies on the articulation of MO resolved measurements via at least the two possible methodologies matter effects and purely vacuum oscillations. Thus, we argue that the JUNO vacuum MO measurement may feasibly yield full resolution in combination to the next generation of long baseline neutrino beams experiments.
One of the major open questions in particle physics is the issue of the neutrino mass ordering (NMO). The current data of the two long-baseline experiments NO$ u$A and T2K, interpreted in the standard 3-flavor scenario, provide a $sim2.4sigma$ indication in favor of the normal neutrino mass ordering. We show that such an indication is completely washed out if one assumes the existence of neutral-current non-standard interactions (NSI) of the flavor changing type involving the $e-tau$ flavors. This implies that the claim for a discovery of the NMO will require a careful consideration of the impact of hypothetical NSI.
We consider the impact of neutral-current (NC) non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI) on the determination of the neutrino mass ordering. We show that in presence of NSI there is an exact degeneracy which makes it impossible to determine the neutrino mass ordering and the octant of the solar mixing angle $theta_{12}$ at oscillation experiments. The degeneracy holds at the probability level and for arbitrary matter density profiles, and hence, solar, atmospheric, reactor, and accelerator neutrino experiments are affected simultaneously. The degeneracy requires order-one corrections from NSI to the NC neutrino--quark interaction and can be tested in neutrino--nucleus NC scattering experiments.
We study the possibility of extracting the neutrino mass ordering at the future Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment using atmospheric neutrinos, which will be available before the muon neutrino beam starts being perational. The large statistics of the atmospheric muon neutrino and antineutrino samples at the far detector, together with the baselines of thousands of kilometers that these atmospheric (anti)neutrinos travel, provide the ideal ingredients to extract the neutrino mass ordering via matter effects in the neutrino propagation through the Earth. Crucially, muon capture by Argon provides excellent charge-tagging, allowing to disentangle the neutrino and antineutrino signature. This is a critical extra benefit of having a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber as far detector, that could render a $4sigma$ extraction of the mass ordering after ten years of exposure.
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