Subscribe to the gold package and get unlimited access to Shamra Academy
Register a new userWhat Is The Internet? (Considering Partial Connectivity)
84
0
0.0
(
0
)
Added by
Guillermo Baltra
Publication date
2021
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
Ask ChatGPT about the research
No Arabic abstract
After 50 years, the Internet is still defined as a collection of interconnected networks. Yet desires of countries for their own internet (Internet secession?), country-level firewalling, and persistent peering disputes all challenge the idea of a single set of interconnected networks. We show that the Internet today has peninsulas of persistent, partial connectivity, and that some outages cause islands where the Internet at the site is up, but partitioned from the main Internet. We propose a new definition of the Internet defining a single, global network while helping us to reason about peninsulas and islands and their relationship to Internet outages. We provide algorithms to detect peninsulas and islands, find that peninsulas are more common than outages, with thousands of /24s IPv4 blocks that are part of peninsulas lasting a month or more. Root causes of most peninsula events (45%) are transient routing problems. However, a few long-lived peninsulas events (7%) account for 90% of all peninsula time, and they suggest root causes in country- or AS-level policy choices. We also show that islands occur. Our definition shows that no single country can unilaterally claim to be the Internet, and helps clarify the spectrum from partial reachability to outages in prior work.
rate research
Read More
The use of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in homes and the immediate proximity of an individual communicates to create Personal IoT (PIoT) networks. The exploratory study of PIoT is in its infancy, which will explore the expansion of new use cases, service requirements, and the proliferation of PIoT devices. This article provides a big picture of PIoT architecture, vision, and future research scope.
During the last three decades the Internet has experienced fascinating evolution, both exponential growth in traffic and rapid expansion in topology. The size of the Internet becomes enormous, yet the network is very `small in the sense that it is extremely efficient to route data packets across the global Internet. This paper provides a brief review on three fundamental properties of the Internet topology at the autonomous systems (AS) level. Firstly the Internet has a power-law degree distribution, which means the majority of nodes on the Internet AS graph have small numbers of links, whereas a few nodes have very large numbers of links. Secondly the Internet exhibits a property called disassortative mixing, which means poorly-connected nodes tend to link with well-connected nodes, and vice versa. Thirdly the best-connected nodes, or the rich nodes, are tightly interconnected with each other forming a rich-club. We explain that it is these structural properties that make the global Internet so small.
The COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions forced many to work, learn, and socialize from home over the internet. There appears to be consensus that internet infrastructure in the developed world handled the resulting traffic surge well. In this paper, we study network measurement data collected by the Federal Communications Commissions Measuring Broadband America program before and during the pandemic in the United States (US). We analyze the data to understand the impact of lockdown orders on the performance of fixed broadband internet infrastructure across the US, and also attempt to correlate internet usage patterns with the changing behavior of users during lockdown. We found the key metrics such as change in data usage to be generally consistent with the literature. Through additional analysis, we found differences between metro and rural areas, changes in weekday, weekend, and hourly internet usage patterns, and indications of network congestion for some users.
Based on measurements of the Internet topology data, we found out that there are two mechanisms which are necessary for the correct modeling of the Internet topology at the Autonomous Systems (AS) level: the Interactive Growth of new nodes and new internal links, and a nonlinear preferential attachment, where the preference probability is described by a positive-feedback mechanism. Based on the above mechanisms, we introduce the Positive-Feedback Preference (PFP) model which accurately reproduces many topological properties of the AS-level Internet, including: degree distribution, rich-club connectivity, the maximum degree, shortest path length, short cycles, disassortative mixing and betweenness centrality. The PFP model is a phenomenological model which provides a novel insight into the evolutionary dynamics of real complex networks.
LTE networks are commonplace nowadays; however, comparatively little is known about where (and why) they are deployed, and the demand they serve. We shed some light on these issues through large-scale, crowd-sourced measurement. Our data, collected by users of the WeFi app, spans multiple operators and multiple cities, allowing us to observe a wide variety of deployment patterns. Surprisingly, we find that LTE is frequently used to improve the {em coverage} of network rather than the capacity thereof, and that no evidence shows that video traffic be a primary driver for its deployment. Our insights suggest that such factors as pre-existing networks and commercial policies have a deeper impact on deployment decisions than purely technical considerations.
Log in to be able to interact and post comments
comments
Fetching comments
Sign in to be able to follow your search criteria
