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Register a new userCorrelated gravitational wave and microlensing signals of macroscopic dark matter
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Fermion dark matter particles can aggregate to form extended dark matter structures via a first-order phase transition in which the particles get trapped in the false vacuum. We study Fermi balls created in a phase transition induced by a generic quartic thermal effective potential. We show that for Fermi balls of mass, $3times 10^{-12}M_odot lesssim M_{rm FB} lesssim 10^{-5}M_odot$, correlated observations of gravitational waves produced during the phase transition (at SKA/THEIA), and gravitational microlensing caused by Fermi balls (at Subaru-HSC), can be made.
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We study the stochastic background of gravitational waves which accompany the sudden freeze-out of dark matter triggered by a cosmological first order phase transition that endows dark matter with mass. We consider models that produce the measured dark matter relic abundance via (1) bubble filtering, and (2) inflation and reheating, and show that gravitational waves from these mechanisms are detectable at future interferometers.
If a significant fraction of dark matter is in the form of compact objects, they will cause microlensing effects in the gravitational wave (GW) signals observable by LIGO and Virgo. From the non-observation of microlensing signatures in the binary black hole events from the first two observing runs and the first half of the third observing run, we constrain the fraction of compact dark matter in the mass range $10^2-10^5~{M_odot}$ to be less than $simeq 50-80%$ (details depend on the assumed source population properties and the Bayesian priors). These modest constraints will be significantly improved in the next few years with the expected detection of thousands of binary black hole events, providing a new avenue to probe the nature of dark matter.
Motivated by aLIGOs recent discovery of gravitational waves we discuss signatures of new physics that could be seen at ground and space-based interferometers. We show that a first order phase transition in a dark sector would lead to a detectable gravitational wave signal at future experiments, if the phase transition has occurred at temperatures few orders of magnitude higher than the electroweak scale. The source of gravitational waves in this case is associated with the dynamics of expanding and colliding bubbles in the early universe. At the same time we point out that topological defects, such as dark sector domain walls, may generate a detectable signal already at aLIGO. Both -- bubble and domain wall -- scenarios are sourced by semi-classical configurations of a dark new physics sector. In the first case the gravitational wave signal originates from bubble wall collisions and subsequent turbulence in hot plasma in the early universe, while the second case corresponds to domain walls passing through the interferometer at present and is not related to gravitational waves. We find that aLIGO at its current sensitivity can detect smoking-gun signatures from domain wall interactions, while future proposed experiments including the fifth phase of aLIGO at design sensitivity can probe dark sector phase transitions.
We introduce a model in which the genesis of dark matter (DM) and neutrino masses is associated with a first order phase transition of a scalar singlet field. During the phase transition a source right-handed neutrino (RHN) acquires a spacetime-dependent mass dynamically, a small fraction of which is converted via resonant oscillations into a very weakly mixed dark RHN which decays to a dark matter RHN with the observed relic abundance. Neutrino masses are generated via a traditional two RHN type-I seesaw between a fourth RHN and the source neutrino. The gravitational waves produced during the phase transition have a peak frequency that increases with the DM mass, and are detectable at future gravitational wave interferometers for DM masses above ~ 1 MeV. Since the source RHNs are heavier than the electroweak scale, successful leptogenesis is also attainable.
Low-scale baryogenesis could be discovered at $B$-factories and the LHC. In the $B$-Mesogenesis paradigm [G. Elor, M. Escudero, and A. E. Nelson, PRD 99, 035031 (2019), arXiv:1810.00880], the CP violating oscillations and subsequent decays of $B$ mesons in the early Universe simultaneously explain the origin of the baryonic and the dark matter of the Universe. This mechanism for baryo- and dark matter genesis from $B$ mesons gives rise to distinctive signals at collider experiments, which we scrutinize in this paper. We study CP violating observables in the $B^0_q-bar{B}_q^0$ system, discuss current and expected sensitivities for the exotic decays of $B$ mesons into a visible baryon and missing energy, and explore the implications of direct searches for a TeV-scale colored scalar at the LHC and in meson-mixing observables. Remarkably, we conclude that a combination of measurements at BaBar, Belle, Belle II, LHCb, ATLAS and CMS can fully test $B$-Mesogenesis.
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