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Register a new userA Trust-Centric Privacy-Preserving Blockchain for Dynamic Spectrum Management in IoT Networks
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Added by
Jingwei Ye
Publication date
2021
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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In this paper, we propose a trust-centric privacy-preserving blockchain for dynamic spectrum access in IoT networks. To be specific, we propose a trust evaluation mechanism to evaluate the trustworthiness of sensing nodes and design a Proof-of-Trust (PoT) consensus mechanism to build a scalable blockchain with high transaction-per-second (TPS). Moreover, a privacy protection scheme is proposed to protect sensors real-time geolocatioin information when they upload sensing data to the blockchain. Two smart contracts are designed to make the whole procedure (spectrum sensing, spectrum auction, and spectrum allocation) run automatically. Simulation results demonstrate the expected computation cost of the PoT consensus algorithm for reliable sensing nodes is low, and the cooperative sensing performance is improved with the help of trust value evaluation mechanism.In addition, incentivization and security are also analyzed, which show that our design not only can encourage nodes participation, but also resist to many kinds of attacks which are frequently encountered in trust-based blockchain systems.
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Authorization or access control limits the actions a user may perform on a computer system, based on predetermined access control policies, thus preventing access by illegitimate actors. Access control for the Internet of Things (IoT) should be tailored to take inherent IoT network scale and device resource constraints into consideration. However, common authorization systems in IoT employ conventional schemes, which suffer from overheads and centralization. Recent research trends suggest that blockchain has the potential to tackle the issues of access control in IoT. However, proposed solutions overlook the importance of building dynamic and flexible access control mechanisms. In this paper, we design a decentralized attribute-based access control mechanism with an auxiliary Trust and Reputation System (TRS) for IoT authorization. Our system progressively quantifies the trust and reputation scores of each node in the network and incorporates the scores into the access control mechanism to achieve dynamic and flexible access control. We design our system to run on a public blockchain, but we separate the storage of sensitive information, such as users attributes, to private sidechains for privacy preservation. We implement our solution in a public Rinkeby Ethereum test-network interconnected with a lab-scale testbed. Our evaluations consider various performance metrics to highlight the applicability of our solution for IoT contexts.
Heterogeneous and dynamic IoT environments require a lightweight, scalable, and trustworthy access control system for protection from unauthorized access and for automated detection of compromised nodes. Recent proposals in IoT access control systems have incorporated blockchain to overcome inherent issues in conventional access control schemes. However, the dynamic interaction of IoT networks remains uncaptured. Here, we develop a blockchain based Trust and Reputation System (TRS) for IoT access control, which progressively evaluates and calculates the trust and reputation score of each participating node to achieve a self-adaptive and trustworthy access control system. Trust and reputation are explicitly incorporated in the attribute-based access control policy, so that different nodes can be assigned to different access right levels, resulting in dynamic access control policies. We implement our proposed architecture in a private Ethereum blockchain comprised of a Docker container network. We benchmark our solution using various performance metrics to highlight its applicability for IoT contexts.
The salient features of blockchain, such as decentralisation and transparency, have allowed the development of Decentralised Trust and Reputation Management Systems (DTRMS), which mainly aim to quantitatively assess the trustworthiness of the network participants and help to protect the network from adversaries. In the literature, proposals of DTRMS have been applied to various Cyber-physical Systems (CPS) applications, including supply chains, smart cities and distributed energy trading. In this chapter, we outline the building blocks of a generic DTRMS and discuss how it can benefit from blockchain. To highlight the significance of DTRMS, we present the state-of-the-art of DTRMS in various field of CPS applications. In addition, we also outline challenges and future directions in developing DTRMS for CPS.
There has been tremendous interest in the development of formal trust models and metrics through the use of analytics (e.g., Belief Theory and Bayesian models), logics (e.g., Epistemic and Subjective Logic) and other mathematical models. The choice of trust metric will depend on context, circumstance and user requirements and there is no single best metric for use in all circumstances. Where different users require different trust metrics to be employed the trust score calculations should still be based on all available trust evidence. Trust is normally computed using past experiences but, in practice (especially in centralised systems), the validity and accuracy of these experiences are taken for granted. In this paper, we provide a formal framework and practical blockchain-based implementation that allows independent trust providers to implement different trust metrics in a distributed manner while still allowing all trust providers to base their calculations on a common set of trust evidence. Further, our design allows experiences to be provably linked to interactions without the need for a central authority. This leads to the notion of evidence-based trust with provable interactions. Leveraging blockchain allows the trust providers to offer their services in a competitive manner, charging fees while users are provided with payments for recording experiences. Performance details of the blockchain implementation are provided.
The public key infrastructure (PKI) based authentication protocol provides the basic security services for vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). However, trust and privacy are still open issues due to the unique characteristics of vehicles. It is crucial for VANETs to prevent internal vehicles from broadcasting forged messages while simultaneously protecting the privacy of each vehicle against tracking attacks. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based anonymous reputation system (BARS) to break the linkability between real identities and public keys to preserve privacy. The certificate and revocation transparency is implemented efficiently using two blockchains. We design a trust model to improve the trustworthiness of messages relying on the reputation of the sender based on both direct historical interactions and indirect opinions about the sender. Experiments are conducted to evaluate BARS in terms of security and performance and the results show that BARS is able to establish distributed trust management, while protecting the privacy of vehicles.
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