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Register a new userLiquid argon characterization of the X-ARAPUCA with alpha particles, gamma rays and cosmic muons
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The X-ARAPUCA device is the baseline choice for the photon detection system of the first far detector module of the DUNE experiment. We present the results of the first complete characterization of a small scale X-ARAPUCA prototype, which is a slice of a full DUNE module. Its total detection efficiency in liquid argon was measured with three different ionizing radiations: $alpha$ particles, $gamma$s and muons and resulted to be $sim$3.0%. This value comfortably satisfies the requirements of the first DUNE far detector module (detection efficiency $>$2.0%) and allows to achieve an energy resolution comparable to the one achievable with the Time Projection Chambers for energies below 10 MeV, which is the region relevant for Supernova neutrino detection.
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The ARAPUCA is a novel concept for liquid argon scintillation light detection which has been proposed for the photon detection system of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment. The test in liquid argon of one of the first ARAPUCA prototypes is presented in this work, where the working principle is experimentally demonstrated. The prototype has an acceptance window of 9 cm$^2$ and is read-out by a single SiPM with active area of 0.36 cm$^2$. Its global detection efficiency was estimated by exposing it to a $^{238}U$ $alpha$ source and to cosmic rays and was found to be 1.15% $pm$ 0.15%, in good agreement with the prediction of a detailed Monte Carlo simulation of the device. Several other ARAPUCA prototypes of bigger dimensions and read-out by arrays of SiPMs have been built and are actually under test. In particular 32 ARAPUCA cells have been installed inside the protoDUNE detector, which is being assembled at CERN and will be operated in the second half of 2018.
The low-noise operation of readout electronics in a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) is critical to properly extract the distribution of ionization charge deposited on the wire planes of the TPC, especially for the induction planes. This paper describes the characteristics and mitigation of the observed noise in the MicroBooNE detector. The MicroBooNEs single-phase LArTPC comprises two induction planes and one collection sense wire plane with a total of 8256 wires. Current induced on each TPC wire is amplified and shaped by custom low-power, low-noise ASICs immersed in the liquid argon. The digitization of the signal waveform occurs outside the cryostat. Using data from the first year of MicroBooNE operations, several excess noise sources in the TPC were identified and mitigated. The residual equivalent noise charge (ENC) after noise filtering varies with wire length and is found to be below 400 electrons for the longest wires (4.7 m). The response is consistent with the cold electronics design expectations and is found to be stable with time and uniform over the functioning channels. This noise level is significantly lower than previous experiments utilizing warm front-end electronics.
Particle detectors based on liquid argon are now recognised as an attractive technology for dark matter direct detection and coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering measurement. A program using a dual-phase liquid argon detector with a fiducial mass of 200~kg to detect coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering at Taishan Nuclear Power Plant has been proposed. SiPMs will be used as the photon sensor because of their high radio-purity and high photon detection efficiency. S13370-6050CN SiPM, made by Hamamatsu, is a candidate for the detector. In this paper, the characterisation of S13370-6050CN SiPM, including the cross talk and after pulse probabilities at liquid argon temperature and the temperature dependence of break down voltage, dark counting rate and relative quantum efficiency were presented.
In the case of underground experiments for neutrino physics or rare event searches, the background caused by cosmic muons contributes significantly and therefore must be identified and rejected. We proposed and optimized a new detector using liquid scintillator with wavelenghth-shifting fibers which can be employed as a veto detector for cosmic muons background rejection. From the prototype study, it has been found that the detector has good performances and is capable of discriminating between muons induced signals and environmental radiation background. Its muons detection efficiency is greater than 98$%$, and on average, 58 photo-electrons (p.e.) are collected when a muon passes through the detector. To optimize the design and enhance the collection of light, the reflectivity of the coating materials has been studied in detail. A Monte Carlo simulation of the detector has been developed and compared to the performed measurements showing a good agreement between data and simulation results.
Micromegas is a type of micro-pattern gaseous detector currently under R&D for applications in rare event search experiments. Here we report the performance of a Micromegas structure constructed with a micromesh thermo-bonded to a readout plane, motivated by its potential application in two-phase xenon detectors for dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay experiments. The study is carried out in pure xenon at room temperature. Measurements with alpha particles from the Americium-241 source showed that gas gains larger than 200 can be obtained at xenon pressure up to 3 atm. Gamma rays down to 8 keV were observed with such a device.
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