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Register a new userTESS and HARPS reveal two sub-Neptunes around TOI 1062
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The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (textit{TESS}) mission was designed to perform an all-sky search of planets around bright and nearby stars. Here we report the discovery of two sub-Neptunes orbiting around the TOI 1062 (TIC 299799658), a V=10.25 G9V star observed in the TESS Sectors 1, 13, 27 & 28. We use precise radial velocity observations from HARPS to confirm and characterize these two planets. TOI 1062b has a radius of 2.265^{+0.095}_{-0.091} Re, a mass of 11.8 +- 1.4 Me, and an orbital period of 4.115050 +/- 0.000007 days. The second planet is not transiting, has a minimum mass of 7.4 +/- 1.6 Me and is near the 2:1 mean motion resonance with the innermost planet with an orbital period of 8.13^{+0.02}_{-0.01} days. We performed a dynamical analysis to explore the proximity of the system to this resonance, and to attempt at further constraining the orbital parameters. The transiting planet has a mean density of 5.58^{+1.00}_{-0.89} g cm^-3 and an analysis of its internal structure reveals that it is expected to have a small volatile envelope accounting for 0.35% of the mass at maximum. The stars brightness and the proximity of the inner planet to the radius gap make it an interesting candidate for transmission spectroscopy, which could further constrain the composition and internal structure of TOI 1062b.
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We report the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite discovery of three small planets transiting one of the nearest and brightest M dwarf hosts to date, TOI-270 (TIC 259377017; K-mag 8.3; 22.5 parsec). The M3V-type star is transited by the super-Earth-sized TOI-270 b (1.247+0.089-0.083 R_earth) and the sub-Neptune-sized exoplanets TOI-270 c (2.42+-0.13 R_earth) and TOI-270 d (2.13+-0.12 R_earth). The planets orbit close to a mean-motion resonant chain, with periods (3.36, 5.66, and 11.38 days) near ratios of small integers (5:3 and 2:1). TOI-270 is a prime target for future studies since: 1) its near-resonance allows detecting transit timing variations for precise mass measurements and dynamical studies; 2) its brightness enables independent radial velocity mass measurements; 3) the outer planets are ideal for atmospheric characterisation via transmission spectroscopy; and 4) the quiet star enables future searches for habitable zone planets. Altogether, very few systems with small, temperate exoplanets are as suitable for such complementary and detailed characterisation as TOI-270.
We report the discovery of a planetary system orbiting TOI-763 (aka CD-39 7945), a $V=10.2$, high proper motion G-type dwarf star that was photometrically monitored by the TESS space mission in Sector 10. We obtain and model the stellar spectrum and find an object slightly smaller than the Sun, and somewhat older, but with a similar metallicity. Two planet candidates were found in the light curve to be transiting the star. Combining TESS transit photometry with HARPS high-precision radial velocity follow-up measurements confirm the planetary nature of these transit signals. We determine masses, radii, and bulk densities of these two planets. A third planet candidate was discovered serendipitously in the radial velocity data. The inner transiting planet,TOI-763 b, has an orbital period of $P_mathrm{b}$ = 5.6~days, a mass of $M_mathrm{b}$ = $9.8pm0.8$ $M_oplus$, and a radius of $R_mathrm{b}$ = $2.37pm0.10$ $R_oplus$. The second transiting planet,TOI-763 c, has an orbital period of $P_mathrm{c}$ = 12.3~days, a mass of $M_mathrm{c}$ = $9.3pm1.0$ $M_oplus$, and a radius of $R_mathrm{c}$ = $2.87pm0.11$ $R_oplus$. We find the outermost planet candidate to orbit the star with a period of $sim$48~days. If confirmed as a planet it would have a minimum mass of $M_mathrm{d}$ = $9.5pm1.6$ $M_oplus$. We investigated the TESS light curve in order to search for a mono transit by planet~d without success. We discuss the importance and implications of this planetary system in terms of the geometrical arrangements of planets orbiting G-type stars.
We report the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite ($TESS$) detection of a multi-planet system orbiting the $V=10.9$ K0 dwarf TOI 125. We find evidence for up to five planets, with varying confidence. Three high signal-to-noise transit signals correspond to sub-Neptune-sized planets ($2.76$, $2.79$, and $2.94 R_{oplus}$), and we statistically validate the planetary nature of the two inner planets ($P_b = 4.65$ days, $P_c = 9.15$ days). With only two transits observed, we report the outer object ($P_{.03} = 19.98$ days) as a high signal-to-noise ratio planet candidate. We also detect a candidate transiting super-Earth ($1.4 R_{oplus}$) with an orbital period of only $12.7$ hours and a candidate Neptune-sized planet ($4.2 R_{oplus}$) with a period of $13.28$ days, both at low signal-to-noise. This system is amenable to mass determination via radial velocities and transit timing variations, and provides an opportunity to study planets of similar size while controlling for age and environment. The ratio of orbital periods between TOI 125 b and c ($P_c/P_b = 1.97$) is slightly smaller than an exact 2:1 commensurability and is atypical of multiple planet systems from $Kepler$, which show a preference for period ratios just $wide$ of first-order period ratios. A dynamical analysis refines the allowed parameter space through stability arguments and suggests that, despite the nearly commensurate periods, the system is unlikely to be in resonance.
M-dwarf stars are promising targets for identifying and characterizing potentially habitable planets. K2-3 is a nearby (45 pc), early-type M dwarf hosting three small transiting planets, the outermost of which orbits close to the inner edge of the stellar (optimistic) habitable zone. The K2-3 system is well suited for follow-up characterization studies aimed at determining accurate masses and bulk densities of the three planets. Using a total of 329 radial velocity measurements collected over 2.5 years with the HARPS-N and HARPS spectrographs and a proper treatment of the stellar activity signal, we aim to improve measurements of the masses and bulk densities of the K2-3 planets. We use our results to investigate the physical structure of the planets. We analyse radial velocity time series extracted with two independent pipelines by using Gaussian process regression. We adopt a quasi-periodic kernel to model the stellar magnetic activity jointly with the planetary signals. We use Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the robustness of our mass measurements of K2-3,c and K2-3,d, and to explore how additional high-cadence radial velocity observations might improve them. Despite the stellar activity component being the strongest signal present in the radial velocity time series, we are able to derive masses for both planet b ($M_{rm b}=6.6pm1.1$ $M_{rm oplus}$) and planet c ($M_{rm c}=3.1^{+1.3}_{-1.2}$ $M_{rm oplus}$). The Doppler signal due to K2-3,d remains undetected, likely because of its low amplitude compared to the radial velocity signal induced by the stellar activity. The closeness of the orbital period of K2-3,d to the stellar rotation period could also make the detection of the planetary signal complicated. [...]
In this paper we report the discovery of TOI-220 $b$, a new sub-Neptune detected by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and confirmed by radial velocity follow-up observations with the HARPS spectrograph. Based on the combined analysis of TESS transit photometry and high precision radial velocity measurements we estimate a planetary mass of 13.8 $pm$ 1.0 M$_{Earth}$ and radius of 3.03 $pm$ 0.15 R$_{Earth}$, implying a bulk density of 2.73 $pm$ 0.47 $textrm{g cm}^{-3}$. TOI-220 $b$ orbits a relative bright (V=10.4) and old (10.1$pm$1.4 Gyr) K dwarf star with a period of $sim$10.69 d. Thus, TOI-220 $b$ is a new warm sub-Neptune with very precise mass and radius determinations. A Bayesian analysis of the TOI-220 $b$ internal structure indicates that due to the strong irradiation it receives, the low density of this planet could be explained with a steam atmosphere in radiative-convective equilibrium and a supercritical water layer on top of a differentiated interior made of a silicate mantle and a small iron core.
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