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Register a new userThe Tracking Machine Learning challenge : Throughput phase
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David Rousseau
Publication date
2021
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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This paper reports on the second Throughput phase of the Tracking Machine Learning (TrackML) challenge on the Codalab platform. As in the first Accuracy phase, the participants had to solve a difficult experimental problem linked to tracking accurately the trajectory of particles as e.g. created at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC): given O($10^5$) points, the participants had to connect them into O($10^4$) individual groups that represent the particle trajectories which are approximated helical. While in the first phase only the accuracy mattered, the goal of this second phase was a compromise between the accuracy and the speed of inference. Both were measured on the Codalab platform where the participants had to upload their software. The best three participants had solutions with good accuracy and speed an order of magnitude faster than the state of the art when the challenge was designed. Although the core algorithms were less diverse than in the first phase, a diversity of techniques have been used and are described in this paper. The performance of the algorithms are analysed in depth and lessons derived.
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This paper reports the results of an experiment in high energy physics: using the power of the crowd to solve difficult experimental problems linked to tracking accurately the trajectory of particles in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This experiment took the form of a machine learning challenge organized in 2018: the Tracking Machine Learning Challenge (TrackML). Its results were discussed at the competition session at the Neural Information Processing Systems conference (NeurIPS 2018). Given 100.000 points, the participants had to connect them into about 10.000 arcs of circles, following the trajectory of particles issued from very high energy proton collisions. The competition was difficult with a dozen front-runners well ahead of a pack. The single competition score is shown to be accurate and effective in selecting the best algorithms from the domain point of view. The competition has exposed a diversity of approaches, with various roles for Machine Learning, a number of which are discussed in the document
Even though superconductivity has been studied intensively for more than a century, the vast majority of superconductivity research today is carried out in nearly the same manner as decades ago. That is, each study tends to focus on only a single material or small subset of materials, and discoveries are made more or less serendipitously. Recent increases in computing power, novel machine learning algorithms, and improved experimental capabilities offer new opportunities to revolutionize superconductor discovery. These will enable the rapid prediction of structures and properties of novel materials in an automated, high-throughput fashion and the efficient experimental testing of these predictions. Here, we review efforts to use machine learning to attain this goal.
Structural engineering knowledge can be of significant importance to the architectural design team during the early design phase. However, architects and engineers do not typically work together during the conceptual phase; in fact, structural engineers are often called late into the process. As a result, updates in the design are more difficult and time-consuming to complete. At the same time, there is a lost opportunity for better design exploration guided by structural feedback. In general, the earlier in the design process the iteration happens, the greater the benefits in cost efficiency and informed de-sign exploration, which can lead to higher-quality creative results. In order to facilitate an informed exploration in the early design stage, we suggest the automation of fundamental structural engineering tasks and introduce ApproxiFramer, a Machine Learning-based system for the automatic generation of structural layouts from building plan sketches in real-time. The system aims to assist architects by presenting them with feasible structural solutions during the conceptual phase so that they proceed with their design with adequate knowledge of its structural implications. In this paper, we describe the system and evaluate the performance of a proof-of-concept implementation in the domain of orthogonal, metal, rigid structures. We trained a Convolutional Neural Net to iteratively generate structural design solutions for sketch-level building plans using a synthetic dataset and achieved an average error of 2.2% in the predicted positions of the columns.
Images of line drawings are generally composed of primitive elements. One of the most fundamental elements to characterize images is the topology; line segments belong to a category different from closed circles, and closed circles with different winding degrees are nonequivalent. We investigate images with nontrivial winding using the unsupervised machine learning. We build an autoencoder model with a combination of convolutional and fully connected neural networks. We confirm that compressed data filtered from the trained model retain more than 90% of correct information on the topology, evidencing that image clustering from the unsupervised learning features the topology.
A Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) uses a constellation of satellites around the earth for accurate navigation, timing, and positioning. Natural phenomena like space weather introduce irregularities in the Earths ionosphere, disrupting the propagation of the radio signals that GNSS relies upon. Such disruptions affect both the amplitude and the phase of the propagated waves. No physics-based model currently exists to predict the time and location of these disruptions with sufficient accuracy and at relevant scales. In this paper, we focus on predicting the phase fluctuations of GNSS radio waves, known as phase scintillations. We propose a novel architecture and loss function to predict 1 hour in advance the magnitude of phase scintillations within a time window of plus-minus 5 minutes with state-of-the-art performance.
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