No Arabic abstract
Data in the real world tends to exhibit a long-tailed label distribution, which poses great challenges for neural networks in classification. Existing methods tackle this problem mainly from the coarse-grained class level, ignoring the difference among instances, e.g., hard samples vs. easy samples. In this paper, we revisit the long-tailed problem from the instance level and propose two instance-level components to improve long-tailed classification. The first one is an Adaptive Logit Adjustment (ALA) loss, which applies an adaptive adjusting term to the logit. Different from the adjusting terms in existing methods that are class-dependent and only focus on tail classes, we carefully design an instance-specific term and add it on the class-dependent term to make the network pay more attention to not only tailed class, but more importantly hard samples. The second one is a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) network, which contains a multi-expert module and an instance-aware routing module. The routing module is designed to dynamically integrate the results of multiple experts according to each input instance, and is trained jointly with the experts network in an end-to-end manner.Extensive experiment results show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by 1% to 5% on common long-tailed benchmarks including ImageNet-LT and iNaturalist.
Instance segmentation has witnessed a remarkable progress on class-balanced benchmarks. However, they fail to perform as accurately in real-world scenarios, where the category distribution of objects naturally comes with a long tail. Instances of head classes dominate a long-tailed dataset and they serve as negative samples of tail categories. The overwhelming gradients of negative samples on tail classes lead to a biased learning process for classifiers. Consequently, objects of tail categories are more likely to be misclassified as backgrounds or head categories. To tackle this problem, we propose Seesaw Loss to dynamically re-balance gradients of positive and negative samples for each category, with two complementary factors, i.e., mitigation factor and compensation factor. The mitigation factor reduces punishments to tail categories w.r.t. the ratio of cumulative training instances between different categories. Meanwhile, the compensation factor increases the penalty of misclassified instances to avoid false positives of tail categories. We conduct extensive experiments on Seesaw Loss with mainstream frameworks and different data sampling strategies. With a simple end-to-end training pipeline, Seesaw Loss obtains significant gains over Cross-Entropy Loss, and achieves state-of-the-art performance on LVIS dataset without bells and whistles. Code is available at https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmdetection.
The conventional detectors tend to make imbalanced classification and suffer performance drop, when the distribution of the training data is severely skewed. In this paper, we propose to use the mean classification score to indicate the classification accuracy for each category during training. Based on this indicator, we balance the classification via an Equilibrium Loss (EBL) and a Memory-augmented Feature Sampling (MFS) method. Specifically, EBL increases the intensity of the adjustment of the decision boundary for the weak classes by a designed score-guided loss margin between any two classes. On the other hand, MFS improves the frequency and accuracy of the adjustment of the decision boundary for the weak classes through over-sampling the instance features of those classes. Therefore, EBL and MFS work collaboratively for finding the classification equilibrium in long-tailed detection, and dramatically improve the performance of tail classes while maintaining or even improving the performance of head classes. We conduct experiments on LVIS using Mask R-CNN with various backbones including ResNet-50-FPN and ResNet-101-FPN to show the superiority of the proposed method. It improves the detection performance of tail classes by 15.6 AP, and outperforms the most recent long-tailed object detectors by more than 1 AP. Code is available at https://github.com/fcjian/LOCE.
Vanilla models for object detection and instance segmentation suffer from the heavy bias toward detecting frequent objects in the long-tailed setting. Existing methods address this issue mostly during training, e.g., by re-sampling or re-weighting. In this paper, we investigate a largely overlooked approach -- post-processing calibration of confidence scores. We propose NorCal, Normalized Calibration for long-tailed object detection and instance segmentation, a simple and straightforward recipe that reweighs the predicted scores of each class by its training sample size. We show that separately handling the background class and normalizing the scores over classes for each proposal are keys to achieving superior performance. On the LVIS dataset, NorCal can effectively improve nearly all the baseline models not only on rare classes but also on common and frequent classes. Finally, we conduct extensive analysis and ablation studies to offer insights into various modeling choices and mechanisms of our approach.
In this paper, we propose a progressive margin loss (PML) approach for unconstrained facial age classification. Conventional methods make strong assumption on that each class owns adequate instances to outline its data distribution, likely leading to bias prediction where the training samples are sparse across age classes. Instead, our PML aims to adaptively refine the age label pattern by enforcing a couple of margins, which fully takes in the in-between discrepancy of the intra-class variance, inter-class variance and class center. Our PML typically incorporates with the ordinal margin and the variational margin, simultaneously plugging in the globally-tuned deep neural network paradigm. More specifically, the ordinal margin learns to exploit the correlated relationship of the real-world age labels. Accordingly, the variational margin is leveraged to minimize the influence of head classes that misleads the prediction of tailed samples. Moreover, our optimization carefully seeks a series of indicator curricula to achieve robust and efficient model training. Extensive experimental results on three face aging datasets demonstrate that our PML achieves compelling performance compared to state of the arts. Code will be made publicly.
We investigate the problem of classifying - from a single image - the level of content in a cup or a drinking glass. This problem is made challenging by several ambiguities caused by transparencies, shape variations and partial occlusions, and by the availability of only small training datasets. In this paper, we tackle this problem with an appropriate strategy for transfer learning. Specifically, we use adversarial training in a generic source dataset and then refine the training with a task-specific dataset. We also discuss and experimentally evaluate several training strategies and their combination on a range of container types of the CORSMAL Containers Manipulation dataset. We show that transfer learning with adversarial training in the source domain consistently improves the classification accuracy on the test set and limits the overfitting of the classifier to specific features of the training data.