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We determine the inducibility of all tournaments with at most $4$ vertices together with the extremal constructions. The $4$-vertex tournament containing an oriented $C_3$ and one source vertex has a particularly interesting extremal construction. It is an unbalanced blow-up of an edge, where the sink vertex is replaced by a quasi-random tournament and the source vertex is iteratively replaced by a copy of the construction itself.
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A long standing open problem in extremal graph theory is to describe all graphs that maximize the number of induced copies of a path on four vertices. The character of the problem changes in the setting of oriented graphs, and becomes more tractable. Here we resolve this problem in the setting of oriented graphs without transitive triangles.
A graph $F$ is called a fractalizer if for all $n$ the only graphs which maximize the number of induced copies of $F$ on $n$ vertices are the balanced iterated blow ups of $F$. While the net graph is not a fractalizer, we show that the net is nearly a fractalizer. Let $N(n)$ be the maximum number of induced copies of the net graph among all graphs on $n$ vertices. For sufficiently large $n$ we show that, $N(n) = x_1cdot x_2 cdot x_3 cdot x_4 cdot x_5 cdot x_6 + N(x_1) + N(x_2) + N(x_3) + N(x_4) + N(x_5) + N(x_6)$ where $sigma x_i = n$ and all $x_i$ are as equal as possible. Furthermore, we show that the unique graph which maximizes $N(6^k)$ is the balanced iterated blow up of the net for $k$ sufficiently large. We expand on the standard flag algebra and stability techniques through more careful counting and numerical optimization techniques.
In 1976, Alspach, Mason, and Pullman conjectured that any tournament $T$ of even order can be decomposed into exactly ${rm ex}(T)$ paths, where ${rm ex}(T):= frac{1}{2}sum_{vin V(T)}|d_T^+(v)-d_T^-(v)|$. We prove this conjecture for all sufficiently large tournaments. We also prove an asymptotically optimal result for tournaments of odd order.
In this short note we prove that every tournament contains the $k$-th power of a directed path of linear length. This improves upon recent results of Yuster and of Gir~ao. We also give a complete solution for this problem when $k=2$, showing that there is always a square of a directed path of length $lceil 2n/3 rceil-1$, which is best possible.
We consider a generalisation of Kellys conjecture which is due to Alspach, Mason, and Pullman from 1976. Kellys conjecture states that every regular tournament has an edge decomposition into Hamilton cycles, and this was proved by Kuhn and Osthus for large tournaments. The conjecture of Alspach, Mason, and Pullman asks for the minimum number of paths needed in a path decomposition of a general tournament $T$. There is a natural lower bound for this number in terms of the degree sequence of $T$ and it is conjectured that this bound is correct for tournaments of even order. Almost all cases of the conjecture are open and we prove many of them.
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