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Register a new userNonlinear absorption in interacting Rydberg electromagnetically-induced-transparency spectra on two-photon resonance
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We experimentally investigate the nonlinear transmission spectrum of coherent light fields propagating through a Rydberg EIT medium with strong atomic interactions. In contrast to previous investigations, which have largely focused on resonant control fields, we explore here the full two-dimensional spectral response of the Rydberg gas. Our measurements confirm previously observed spectral features for a vanishing control-field detuning, but also reveal significant differences on two-photon resonance. In particular, we find qualitative deficiencies of mean-field models and rate-equation simulations as well as a third-order nonlinear susceptibility that accounts for pair-wise interaction effects at low probe-field intensities in describing the nonlinear probe-field response under EIT conditions. Our results suggest that a more complete understanding of Rydberg-EIT and emerging photon interactions requires to go beyond existing simplified models as well as few-photon theories.
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We proposed utilizing a medium with a high optical depth (OD) and a Rydberg state of low principal quantum number, $n$, to create a weakly-interacting many-body system of Rydberg polaritons, based on the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We experimentally verified the mean field approach to weakly-interacting Rydberg polaritons, and observed the phase shift and attenuation induced by the dipole-dipole interaction (DDI). The DDI-induced phase shift or attenuation can be viewed as a consequence of the elastic or inelastic collisions among the Rydberg polaritons. Using a weakly-interacting system, we further observed that a larger DDI strength caused a width of the momentum distribution of Rydberg polaritons at the exit of the system to become notably smaller as compared with that at the entrance. In this study, we took $n =32$ and the atomic (or polariton) density of 5$times10^{10}$ (or 2$times10^{9}$) cm$^{-3}$. The observations demonstrate that the elastic collisions are sufficient to drive the thermalization process in this weakly-interacting many-body system. The combination of the $mu$s-long interaction time due to the high-OD EIT medium and the $mu$m$^2$-size collision cross section due to the DDI suggests a new and feasible platform for the Bose-Einstein condensation of the Rydberg polaritons.
We study electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of a weakly interacting cold Rydberg gas. We show that the onset of interactions is manifest as a depopulation of the Rydberg state and numerically model this effect by adding a density-dependent non-linear term to the optical Bloch equations. In the limit of a weak probe where the depopulation effect is negligible, we observe no evidence of interaction induced decoherence and obtain a narrow Rydberg dark resonance with a linewidth of <600 kHz, limited by the Rabi frequency of the coupling beam
We investigate the transient optical response property of an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a cold Rydberg atomic gas. We show that both the transient behavior and the steady-state EIT spectrum of the system depend strongly on Rydberg interaction. Especially, the response speed of the Rydberg-EIT can be five-times faster (and even higher) than the conventional EIT without the Rydberg interaction. For comparison, two different theoretical approaches (i.e. two-atom model and many-atom model) are considered, revealing that Rydberg blockade effect plays a significant role for increasing the response speed of the Rydberg-EIT. The fast-responding Rydberg-EIT by using the strong, tunable Rydberg interaction uncovered here is not only helpful for enhancing the understanding of the many-body dynamics of Rydberg atoms but also useful for practical applications in quantum information processing by using Rydberg atoms.
We present a study of the Rydberg spectrum in ts{166}Er for series connected to the $4f^{12} (^3H_6) 6s$, $J_c=13/2 $ and $J_c=11/2 $ ionic core states using an all-optical detection based on electromagnetically induced transparency in an effusive atomic beam. Identifying approximately 550 individual states, we find good agreement with a multi-channel quantum defect theory (MQDT) which allows assignment of most states to $ns$ or $nd$ Rydberg series. We provide an improved accuracy for the lowest two ionization thresholds to $E_{textrm{IP}, J_c = 13/2 } = 49260.750(1),$cm$^{-1}$ and $E_{textrm{IP}, J_c = 11/2 } = 49701.184(1),$cm$^{-1}$ as well as the corresponding quantum defects for all observed series. We identify Rydberg states in five different isotopes, and states between the two lowest ionization thresholds. Our results open the way for future applications of Rydberg states for quantum simulation using erbium and exploiting its special open-shell structure.
We demonstrate theoretically a parallelized C-NOT gate which allows to entangle a mesoscopic ensemble of atoms with a single control atom in a single step, with high fidelity and on a microsecond timescale. Our scheme relies on the strong and long-ranged interaction between Rydberg atoms triggering Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT). By this we can robustly implement a conditional transfer of all ensemble atoms among two logical states, depending on the state of the control atom. We outline a many body interferometer which allows a comparison of two many-body quantum states by performing a measurement of the control atom.
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