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Register a new userQuantum invariants of framed links from ternary self-distributive cohomology
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Authors
Emanuele Zappala
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The ribbon cocycle invariant is defined by means of a partition function using ternary cohomology of self-distributive structures (TSD) and colorings of ribbon diagrams of a framed link, following the same paradigm introduced by Carter, Jelsovsky, Kamada, Langfor and Saito in Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 2003;355(10):3947-89, for the quandle cocycle invariant. In this article we show that the ribbon cocycle invariant is a quantum invariant. We do so by constructing a ribbon category from a TSD set whose twisting and braiding morphisms entail a given TSD $2$-cocycle. Then we show that the quantum invariant naturally associated to this braided category coincides with the cocycle invariant. We generalize this construction to symmetric monoidal categories and provide classes of examples obtained from Hopf monoids and Lie algebras. We further introduce examples from Hopf-Frobenius algebras, objects studied in quantum computing.
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Heaps are para-associative ternary operations bijectively exemplified by groups via the operation $(x,y,z) mapsto x y^{-1} z$. They are also ternary self-distributive, and have a diagrammatic interpretation in terms of framed links. Motivated by these properties, we define para-associative and heap cohomology theories and also a ternary self-distributive cohomology theory with abelian heap coefficients. We show that one of the heap cohomologies is related to group cohomology via a long exact sequence. Moreover we construct maps between second cohomology groups of normalized group cohomology and heap cohomology, and show that the latter injects into the ternary self-distributive second cohomology group. We proceed to study heap objects in symmetric monoidal categories providing a characterization of pointed heaps as involutory Hopf monoids in the given category. Finally we prove that heap objects are also categorically self-distributive in an appropriate sense.
A heap is a set with a certain ternary operation that is self-distributive (TSD) and exemplified by a group with the operation $(x,y,z)mapsto xy^{-1}z$. We introduce and investigate framed link invariants using heaps. In analogy with the knot group, we define the fundamental heap of framed links using group presentations. The fundamental heap is determined for some classes of links such as certain families of torus and pretzel links. We show that for these families of links there exist epimorphisms from fundamental heaps to Vinberg and Coxeter groups, implying that corresponding groups are infinite. A relation to the Wirtinger presentation is also described. The cocycle invariant is defined using ternary self-distributive (TSD) cohomology, by means of a state sum that uses ternary heap $2$-cocycles as weights. It is shown that the cohomology splits into two types, called degenerate and nondegenerate, and that the degenerate part is one dimensional. Subcomplexes are constructed based on group cosets, that allow computations of the nondegenerate part. We apply colorings inferred from fundamental heaps to compute cocycle invariants, and prove that the invariant values can be used to derive algebraic properties of the cohomology.
We investigate constructions of higher arity self-distributive operations, and give relations between cohomology groups corresponding to operations of different arities. For this purpose we introduce the notion of mutually distributive $n$-ary operations generalizing those for the binary case, and define a cohomology theory labeled by these operations. A geometric interpretation in terms of framed links is described, with the scope of providing algebraic background of constructing $2$-cocycles for framed link invariants. This theory is also studied in the context of symmetric monoidal categories. Examples from Lie algebras, coalgebras and Hopf algebras are given.
Kashaev and Reshetikhin previously described a way to define holonomy invariants of knots using quantum $mathfrak{sl}_2$ at a root of unity. These are generalized quantum invariants depend both on a knot $K$ and a representation of the fundamental group of its complement into $mathrm{SL}_2(mathbb{C})$; equivalently, we can think of $mathrm{KR}(K)$ as associating to each knot a function on (a slight generalization of) its character variety. In this paper we clarify some details of their construction. In particular, we show that for $K$ a hyperbolic knot $mathrm{KaRe}(K)$ can be viewed as a function on the geometric component of the $A$-polynomial curve of $K$. We compute some examples at a third root of unity.
Enhanced Yang-Baxter operators give rise to invariants of oriented links. We expand the enhancing method to generalized Yang-Baxter operators. At present two examples of generalized Yang-Baxter operators are known and recently three types of variations for one of these were discovered. We present the definition of enhanced generalized YB-operators and show that all known examples of generalized YB-operators can be enhanced to give corresponding invariants of oriented links. Most of these invariants are specializations of the polynomial invariant $P$. Invariants from generalized YB-operators are multiplicative after a normalization.
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