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Register a new userAnalysing the Requirements for an Open Research Knowledge Graph: Use Cases, Quality Requirements and Construction Strategies
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Added by
Arthur Brack
Publication date
2021
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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Current science communication has a number of drawbacks and bottlenecks which have been subject of discussion lately: Among others, the rising number of published articles makes it nearly impossible to get a full overview of the state of the art in a certain field, or reproducibility is hampered by fixed-length, document-based publications which normally cannot cover all details of a research work. Recently, several initiatives have proposed knowledge graphs (KG) for organising scientific information as a solution to many of the current issues. The focus of these proposals is, however, usually restricted to very specific use cases. In this paper, we aim to transcend this limited perspective and present a comprehensive analysis of requirements for an Open Research Knowledge Graph (ORKG) by (a) collecting and reviewing daily core tasks of a scientist, (b) establishing their consequential requirements for a KG-based system, (c) identifying overlaps and specificities, and their coverage in current solutions. As a result, we map necessary and desirable requirements for successful KG-based science communication, derive implications, and outline possible solutions.
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Current science communication has a number of drawbacks and bottlenecks which have been subject of discussion lately: Among others, the rising number of published articles makes it nearly impossible to get an overview of the state of the art in a certain field, or reproducibility is hampered by fixed-length, document-based publications which normally cannot cover all details of a research work. Recently, several initiatives have proposed knowledge graphs (KGs) for organising scientific information as a solution to many of the current issues. The focus of these proposals is, however, usually restricted to very specific use cases. In this paper, we aim to transcend this limited perspective by presenting a comprehensive analysis of requirements for an Open Research Knowledge Graph (ORKG) by (a) collecting daily core tasks of a scientist, (b) establishing their consequential requirements for a KG-based system, (c) identifying overlaps and specificities, and their coverage in current solutions. As a result, we map necessary and desirable requirements for successful KG-based science communication, derive implications and outline possible solutions.
The Open Research Knowledge Graph (ORKG) provides machine-actionable access to scholarly literature that habitually is written in prose. Following the FAIR principles, the ORKG makes traditional, human-coded knowledge findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable in a structured manner in accordance with the Linked Open Data paradigm. At the moment, in ORKG papers are described manually, but in the long run the semantic depth of the literature at scale needs automation. Operational Research is a suitable test case for this vision because the mathematical field and, hence, its publication habits are highly structured: A mundane problem is formulated as a mathematical model, solved or approximated numerically, and evaluated systematically. We study the existing literature with respect to the Assembly Line Balancing Problem and derive a semantic description in accordance with the ORKG. Eventually, selected papers are ingested to test the semantic description and refine it further.
The vast amount of research produced at institutions world-wide is extremely diverse, and coarse-grained quantitative measures of impact often obscure the individual contributions of these institutions to specific research fields and topics. We show that by applying an information retrieval model to index research articles which are faceted by institution and time, we can develop tools to rank institutions given a keyword query. We present an interactive atlas, Quoka, designed to enable a user to explore these rankings contextually by geography and over time. Through a set of use cases we demonstrate that the atlas can be used to perform sensemaking tasks to learn and collect information about the relationships between institutions and scholarly knowledge production.
Analysing research trends and predicting their impact on academia and industry is crucial to gain a deeper understanding of the advances in a research field and to inform critical decisions about research funding and technology adoption. In the last years, we saw the emergence of several publicly-available and large-scale Scientific Knowledge Graphs fostering the development of many data-driven approaches for performing quantitative analyses of research trends. This chapter presents an innovative framework for detecting, analysing, and forecasting research topics based on a large-scale knowledge graph characterising research articles according to the research topics from the Computer Science Ontology. We discuss the advantages of a solution based on a formal representation of topics and describe how it was applied to produce bibliometric studies and innovative tools for analysing and predicting research dynamics.
Proven-in-use arguments are needed when pre-developed products with an in-service history are to be used in different environments than those they were originally developed for. A product may include software modules or may be stand-alone integrated hardware and software modules.The topic itself is not new, but most recent approaches have been based on elementary probability such as urn models which lead to very restrictive requirements for the system or software to which it has been applied. The aim of this paper is to base the argumentation on a general probabilistic model based on Grigelionis or Palm Khintchine theorems, so that the results can be applied to a very general class of products without unnecessary limitations. The advantage of such an approach is also that the same requirements hold for a broad class of products.
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