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Register a new userNear-field Tracking with Large Antenna Arrays: Fundamental Limits and Practical Algorithms
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Added by
Anna Guerra
Publication date
2021
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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Applications towards 6G have brought a huge interest towards arrays with a high number of antennas and operating within the millimeter and sub-THz bandwidths for joint communication and localization. With such large arrays, the plane wave approximation is often not accurate because the system may operate in the near-field propagation region (Fresnel region) where the electromagnetic field wavefront is spherical. In this case, the curvature of arrival (CoA) is a measure of the spherical wavefront that can be used to infer the source position using only a single large array. In this paper, we study a near-field tracking problem for inferring the state (i.e., the position and velocity) of a moving source with an ad-hoc observation model that accounts for the phase profile of a large receiving array. For this tracking problem, we derive the posterior Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (P-CRLB) and show the effects when the source moves inside and outside the Fresnel region. We provide insights on how the loss of positioning information outside Fresnel comes from an increase of the ranging error rather than from inaccuracies of angular estimation. Then, we investigate the performance of different Bayesian tracking algorithms in the presence of model mismatches and abrupt trajectory changes. Our results demonstrate the feasibility and high accuracy for most of the tracking approaches without the need of wideband signals and of any synchronization scheme. signals and of any synchronization scheme.
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Distribution grid topology and admittance information are essential for system planning, operation, and protection. In many distribution grids, missing or inaccurate topology and admittance data call for efficient estimation methods. However, measurement data may be insufficient or contaminated with large noise, which will introduce fundamental limits to the estimation accuracy. This work explores the theoretical precision limits of the topology and admittance estimation (TAE) problem, with different measurement devices, noise levels, and the number of measurements. On this basis, we propose a conservative progressive self-adaptive (CPS) algorithm to estimate the topology and admittance. Results on IEEE 33 and 141-bus systems validate that the proposed CPS method can approach the theoretical precision limits under various measurement settings.
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Very small electromechanical coupling coefficient in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) or acoustic resonators is quite of a concern for oscillator performance, specially at mmWave frequencies. This small coefficient is the manifestation of the small ratio of motional capacitance to static capacitance in the resonators. This work provides a general solution to overcome the problem of relatively high static capacitance at mmWave frequencies and presents analysis and design techniques for achieving extremely low phase noise and a very high figure-of-merit (FoM) in an on-chip MEMS resonator based mmWave oscillator. The proposed analysis and techniques are validated with design and simulation of a 30 GHz oscillator with MEMS resonator having quality factor of 10,000 in 14 nm GF technology. Post layout simulation results show that it achieves a phase noise of -132 dBc/Hz and FoM of 217 dBc/Hz at offset of 1 MHz.
In this paper we investigate the practical design for the multiple-antenna cognitive radio (CR) networks sharing the geographically used or unused spectrum. We consider a single cell network formed by the primary users (PU), which are half-duplex two-hop relay channels and the secondary users (SU) are single user additive white Gaussian noise channels. In addition, the coexistence constraint which requires PUs coding schemes and rates unchanged with the emergence of SU, should be satisfied. The contribution of this paper are twofold. First, we explicitly design the scheme to pair the SUs to the existing PUs in a single cell network. Second, we jointly design the nonlinear precoder, relay beamformer, and the transmitter and receiver beamformers to minimize the sum mean square error of the SU system. In the first part, we derive an approximate relation between the relay ratio, chordal distance and strengths of the vector channels, and the transmit powers. Based on this relation, we are able to solve the optimal pairing between SUs and PUs efficiently. In the second part, considering the feasibility of implementation, we exploit the Tomlinson-Harashima precoding instead of the dirty paper coding to mitigate the interference at the SU receiver, which is known side information at the SU transmitter. To complete the design, we first approximate the optimization problem as a convex one. Then we propose an iterative algorithm to solve it with CVX. This joint design exploits all the degrees of design. To the best of our knowledge, both the two parts have never been considered in the literature. Numerical results show that the proposed pairing scheme outperforms the greedy and random pairing with low complexity. Numerical results also show that even if all the channel matrices are full rank, under which the simple zero forcing scheme is infeasible, the proposed scheme can still work well.
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