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Register a new userA Two-stage Framework for Compound Figure Separation
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Weixin Jiang
Publication date
2021
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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Scientific literature contains large volumes of complex, unstructured figures that are compound in nature (i.e. composed of multiple images, graphs, and drawings). Separation of these compound figures is critical for information retrieval from these figures. In this paper, we propose a new strategy for compound figure separation, which decomposes the compound figures into constituent subfigures while preserving the association between the subfigures and their respective caption components. We propose a two-stage framework to address the proposed compound figure separation problem. In particular, the subfigure label detection module detects all subfigure labels in the first stage. Then, in the subfigure detection module, the detected subfigure labels help to detect the subfigures by optimizing the feature selection process and providing the global layout information as extra features. Extensive experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed framework, which improves the detection precision by 9%.
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Unsupervised learning algorithms (e.g., self-supervised learning, auto-encoder, contrastive learning) allow deep learning models to learn effective image representations from large-scale unlabeled data. In medical image analysis, even unannotated data can be difficult to obtain for individual labs. Fortunately, national-level efforts have been made to provide efficient access to obtain biomedical image data from previous scientific publications. For instance, NIH has launched the Open-i search engine that provides a large-scale image database with free access. However, the images in scientific publications consist of a considerable amount of compound figures with subplots. To extract and curate individual subplots, many different compound figure separation approaches have been developed, especially with the recent advances in deep learning. However, previous approaches typically required resource extensive bounding box annotation to train detection models. In this paper, we propose a simple compound figure separation (SimCFS) framework that uses weak classification annotations from individual images. Our technical contribution is three-fold: (1) we introduce a new side loss that is designed for compound figure separation; (2) we introduce an intra-class image augmentation method to simulate hard cases; (3) the proposed framework enables an efficient deployment to new classes of images, without requiring resource extensive bounding box annotations. From the results, the SimCFS achieved a new state-of-the-art performance on the ImageCLEF 2016 Compound Figure Separation Database. The source code of SimCFS is made publicly available at https://github.com/hrlblab/ImageSeperation.
The rapid advancement of technology in online communication via social media platforms has led to a prolific rise in the spread of misinformation and fake news. Fake news is especially rampant in the current COVID-19 pandemic, leading to people believing in false and potentially harmful claims and stories. Detecting fake news quickly can alleviate the spread of panic, chaos and potential health hazards. We developed a two stage automated pipeline for COVID-19 fake news detection using state of the art machine learning models for natural language processing. The first model leverages a novel fact checking algorithm that retrieves the most relevant facts concerning user claims about particular COVID-19 claims. The second model verifies the level of truth in the claim by computing the textual entailment between the claim and the true facts retrieved from a manually curated COVID-19 dataset. The dataset is based on a publicly available knowledge source consisting of more than 5000 COVID-19 false claims and verified explanations, a subset of which was internally annotated and cross-validated to train and evaluate our models. We evaluate a series of models based on classical text-based features to more contextual Transformer based models and observe that a model pipeline based on BERT and ALBERT for the two stages respectively yields the best results.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that influences the communication and social behavior of a person in a way that those in the spectrum have difficulty in perceiving other peoples facial expressions, as well as presenting and communicating emotions and affect via their own faces and bodies. Some efforts have been made to predict and improve children with ASDs affect states in play therapy, a common method to improve childrens social skills via play and games. However, many previous works only used pre-trained models on benchmark emotion datasets and failed to consider the distinction in emotion between typically developing children and children with autism. In this paper, we present an open-source two-stage multi-modal approach leveraging acoustic and visual cues to predict three main affect states of children with ASDs affect states (positive, negative, and neutral) in real-world play therapy scenarios, and achieved an overall accuracy of 72:40%. This work presents a novel way to combine human expertise and machine intelligence for ASD affect recognition by proposing a two-stage schema.
In this paper, we address the space-time video super-resolution, which aims at generating a high-resolution (HR) slow-motion video from a low-resolution (LR) and low frame rate (LFR) video sequence. A naive method is to decompose it into two sub-tasks: video frame interpolation (VFI) and video super-resolution (VSR). Nevertheless, temporal interpolation and spatial upscaling are intra-related in this problem. Two-stage approaches cannot fully make use of this natural property. Besides, state-of-the-art VFI or VSR deep networks usually have a large frame reconstruction module in order to obtain high-quality photo-realistic video frames, which makes the two-stage approaches have large models and thus be relatively time-consuming. To overcome the issues, we present a one-stage space-time video super-resolution framework, which can directly reconstruct an HR slow-motion video sequence from an input LR and LFR video. Instead of reconstructing missing LR intermediate frames as VFI models do, we temporally interpolate LR frame features of the missing LR frames capturing local temporal contexts by a feature temporal interpolation module. Extensive experiments on widely used benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed framework not only achieves better qualitative and quantitative performance on both clean and noisy LR frames but also is several times faster than recent state-of-the-art two-stage networks. The source code is released in https://github.com/Mukosame/Zooming-Slow-Mo-CVPR-2020 .
With the advent of kernel methods, automating the task of specifying a suitable kernel has become increasingly important. In this context, the Multiple Kernel Learning (MKL) problem of finding a combination of pre-specified base kernels that is suitable for the task at hand has received significant attention from researchers. In this paper we show that Multiple Kernel Learning can be framed as a standard binary classification problem with additional constraints that ensure the positive definiteness of the learned kernel. Framing MKL in this way has the distinct advantage that it makes it easy to leverage the extensive research in binary classification to develop better performing and more scalable MKL algorithms that are conceptually simpler, and, arguably, more accessible to practitioners. Experiments on nine data sets from different domains show that, despite its simplicity, the proposed technique compares favorably with current leading MKL approaches.
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