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Register a new userHow far has so far Spin-Charge-Family theory succeeded to explain Standard Model assumptions, matter-antimatter asymmetry, appearance of Dark Matter, second quantized fermion fields, making several predictions
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Added by
Norma Susana Mankoc Borstnik
Publication date
2020
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
Authors
N.S. Mankoc Borstnik
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The assumptions of the {it standard model}, which 50 years ago offered an elegant new step towards understanding basic fermion and boson fields, are still waiting for an explanation. The {it spin-charge-family} theory is promising not only in explaining the {it standard model} postulates but also in explaining the cosmological observations, like there are the appearance of the {it dark matter}, of the {it matter-antimatter asymmetry}, making several predictions. This theory assumes that the internal degrees of freedom of fermions (spins, handedness and all the charges) are described by the Clifford algebra objects in $dge(13+1)$-dimensional space. Fermions interact with only the gravity (the vielbeins and the two kinds of the spin connection fields, which manifest in $d=(3+1)$ as all the vector gauge fields as well as the scalar fields - the higgs and the Yukawa couplings). The theory describes the internal space of fermions with the Clifford objects which are products of odd numbers of $gamma^a$ objects, what offers the explanation for quantum numbers of quarks and leptons and anti-quarks and ani-leptons, with family included. In this talk I overview shortly the achievements of the {it spin-charge-family} theory so far and in particular the explanation of the second quantization procedure offered by the description of the internal space of fermions with the anticommuting Clifford algebra objects of the odd character. The theory needs still to answer many open questions that it could be accepted as the next step beyond the {it standard model}.
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This contribution is an attempt to try to understand the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe within the {it spin-charge-family-theory} if assuming that transitions in non equilibrium processes among instanton vacua and complex phases in mixing matrices are the sources of the matter-antimatter asymmetry, as studied in the literature for several proposed theories. The {it spin-charge-family-theory} is, namely, very promising in showing the right way beyond the {it standard model}. It predicts families and their mass matrices, explaining the origin of the charges and of the gauge fields. It predicts that there are, after the universe passes through two $SU(2)times U(1)$ phase transitions, in which the symmetry breaks from $SO(1,3) times SU(2) times SU(2) times U(1) times SU(3)$ first to $SO(1,3) times SU(2) times U(1) times SU(3)$ and then to $SO(1,3) times U(1) times SU(3)$, twice decoupled four families. The upper four families gain masses in the first phase transition, while the second four families gain masses at the electroweak break. To these two breaks of symmetries the scalar non Abelian fields, the (superposition of the) gauge fields of the operators generating families, contribute. The lightest of the upper four families is stable (in comparison with the life of the universe) and is therefore a candidate for constituting the dark matter. The heaviest of the lower four families should be seen at the LHC or at somewhat higher energies.
The matter-antimatter asymmetry problem, corresponding to the virtual nonexistence of antimatter in the universe, is one of the greatest mysteries of cosmology. Within the framework of the Generation Model (GM) of particle physics, it is demonstrated that the matter-antimatter asymmetry problem may be understood in terms of the composite leptons and quarks of the GM. It is concluded that there is essentially no matter-antimatter asymmetry in the present universe and that the observed hydrogen-antihydrogen asymmetry may be understood in terms of statistical fluctuations associated with the complex many-body processes involved in the formation of either a hydrogen atom or an antihydrogen atom.
We suggest that the eventual gravitational repulsion between matter and antimatter may be a key for understanding of the nature of dark matter and dark energy. If there is gravitational repulsion, virtual particle-antiparticle pairs in the vacuum, may be considered as gravitational dipoles. We use a simple toy model to reveal a first indication that the gravitational polarization of such a vacuum, caused by baryonic matter in a Galaxy, may produce the same effect as supposed existence of dark matter. In addition, we argue that cancellation of gravitational charges in virtual particle-antiparticle pairs, may be a basis for a solution of the cosmological constant problem and identification of dark energy with vacuum energy. Hence, it may be that dark matter and dark energy are not new, unknown forms of matter-energy but an effect of complex interaction between quantum vacuum and known baryonic matter.
A CPT violating decoherence scenario can easily account for all the experimental evidence in the neutrino sector including LSND. In this work it is argued that this framework can also accommodate the Dark Energy content of the Universe, as well as the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry.
The apparent dominance of matter over antimatter in our universe is an obvious and puzzling fact which cannot be adequately explained in present physical frameworks that assume matter-antimatter symmetry at the big bang. However, our present knowledge of starting conditions and of known sources of CP violation are both insufficient to explain the observed asymmetry. Therefore ongoing research on matter-antimatter differences is strongly motivated as well as attempts to identify viable new mechanisms that could create the present asymmetry. Here we concentrate on possible precision experiments at low energies towards a resolution of this puzzle.
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