No Arabic abstract
Background: Using the chiral (Kyushu) $g$-matrix folding model with the densities calculated with Gogny-HFB (GHFB) with the angular momentum projection (AMP), we determined the central values of matter radius and neutron skin from the central values of reaction cross sections $sigma_{rm R}({rm EXP})$ of p+$^{40,48}$Ca and p+$^{208}$Pb scattering. As for p+$^{58}$Ni scattering, $sigma_{rm R}({rm EXP})$ are available as a function of incident energy $E_{rm in}$. Aim: Our aim is to determine matter radius $r_{m}$ and skin $r_{rm skin}$ for $^{58}$Ni from the $sigma_{rm R}({rm EXP})$ of p+$^{58}$Ni scattering by using the Kyushu $g$-matrix folding model with the GHFB+AMP densities. Results: For p+$^{58}$Ni scattering, the Kyushu $g$-matrix folding model with the GHFB+AMP densities reproduces $sigma_{rm R}({rm EXP})$ in $8.8 leq E_{rm in} leq 81$MeV. For $E_{rm in}=81$MeV, we define the factor $F$ as $F=sigma_{rm R}({rm EXP})/sigma_{rm R}({rm AMP})=0.9775$. The $Fsigma_{rm R}({rm AMP})$ be much the same as the center values of $sigma_{rm R}({rm EXP})$ in $8.8 leq E_{rm in} leq 81$MeV. We then determine $r_{rm m}({rm EXP})$ from the center values of $sigma_{rm R}({rm EXP})$, using $sigma_{rm R}({rm EXP})=C r_{m}^{2}({rm EXP})$ with $C=r_{m}^{2}({rm AMP})/ (Fsigma_{rm R}({rm AMP}))$. The $r_{m}({rm EXP})$ thus obtained are averaged over $E_{rm in}$. The averaged value is $r_{m}({rm EXP})=3.697$fm. Eventually, we obtain $r_{rm skin}({rm EXP})=0.023$fm from $r_{rm m}=3.697$fm and $r_p({rm EXP})=3.685$fm of electron scattering.
For $^{48}$Ca, we determined $r_{m}$fm and $r_{rm skin}$fm from the central values of $sigma_{rm R}({rm EXP})$ of p+$^{48}$Ca scattering, using the chiral (Kyushu) $g$-matrix folding model with the GHFB+AMP densities. For $^{40}$Ca, Zenihiro {it et al.} determined $r_n({rm RCNP})=3.375$~fm and $r_{rm skin}({rm RCNP})=-0.01 pm 0.023$fm from the differential cross section and the analyzing powers for p+$^{40}$Ca scattering. For $^{40}$Ca, $sigma_{rm R}({rm EXP})$ are available with high accuracy. Our aim is to determine matter radius $r_{m}^{40}$ and skin $r_{rm skin}^{40}$ from $sigma_{rm R}({rm EXP})$ by using the Kyushu $g$-matrix folding model with the GHFB+AMP densities. We first determine $r_m({rm RCNP})=3.380$fm from the central value -0.01~fm of $r_{rm skin}({rm RCNP})$ and $r_p({rm RCNP})=3.385$fm. The folding model with the GHFB+AMP densities reproduces $sigma_{rm R}({rm EXP})$ in $30 leq E_{rm in} leq 180$MeV, in 2-$sigma$ level. We scale the GHFB+AMP densities so as to $r_p({rm AMP})=r_p({rm RCNP})$ and $r_n({rm AMP})=r_n({rm RCNP})$. The $sigma_{rm R}({rm RCNP})$ thus obtained agrees with the original one $sigma_{rm R}({rm AMP})$ for each $E_{rm in}$. For $E_{rm in}=180$MeV, we define $F$ as $F=sigma_{rm R}({rm EXP})/sigma_{rm R}({rm AMP})=0.929$. The $Fsigma_{rm R}({rm AMP})$ be much the same as the center values of $sigma_{rm R}({rm EXP})$ in $30 leq E_{rm in} leq 180$MeV. We then determine $r_{rm m}^{40}({rm EXP})$ from the center values of $sigma_{rm R}({rm EXP})$, using $sigma_{rm R}({rm EXP})=C r_{m}^{2}({rm EXP})$ with $C=r_{m}^{2}({rm AMP})/(Fsigma_{rm R}({rm AMP}))$. The $r_{m}({rm EXP})$ are averaged over $E_{rm in}$. The averaged value is $r_{m}({rm EXP})=3.380$fm. Eventually, we obtain $r_{rm skin}({rm EXP})=-0.01$fm from the averaged $r_{rm m}({rm EXP})$~fm and $r_p({rm PCNP})=3.385$fm.
{bf Background:} Using the chiral (Kyushu) $g$-matrix folding model with the densities calculated with GHFB+AMP, we determined $r_{rm skin}^{208}=0.25$fm from the central values of $sigma_{rm R}$ of p+$^{208}$Pb scattering in $E_{rm in}=40-81$MeV. The high-resolution $E1$ polarizability experiment ($E1$pE) yields $r_{rm skin}^{48}(E1{rm pE}) =0.14-0.20$fm. The data on $sigma_{rm R}$ are available as a function of $E_{rm in}$ for $p$+$^{48}$Ca scattering. {bf Aim:} Our aim is to determine $r_{rm skin}^{48}$ from the central values of $sigma_{rm R}$ for $p$+$^{48}$Ca scattering by using the folding model. {bf Results:} As for $^{48}$Ca, we determine $r_n(E1{rm pE})=3.56$fm from the central value 0.17fm of $r_{rm skin}^{48}(E1{rm pE})$ and $r_p({rm EXP})=3.385$fm of electron scattering, and evaluate $r_m(E1{rm pE})=3.485$fm from the $r_n(E1{rm pE})$ and the $r_p({rm EXP})$ of electron scattering. The folding model with GHFB+AMP densities reproduces $sigma_{rm R}$ in $23 leq E_{rm in} leq 25.3$ MeV in one-$sigma$ level, but slightly overestimates the central values of $sigma_{rm R}$ there. In $23 leq E_{rm in} leq 25.3$MeV, the small deviation allows us to scale the GHFB+AMP densities to the central values of $r_p({rm EXP})$ and $r_n(E1{rm pE})$. The $sigma_{rm R}(E1{rm pE})$ obtained with the scaled densities almost reproduce the central values of $sigma_{rm R}$ when $E_{rm in}=23-25.3$MeV, so that the $sigma_{rm R}({rm GHFB+AMP})$ and the $sigma_{rm R}(E1{rm pE})$ are in 1-$sigma$ of $sigma_{rm R}$ there. In $E_{rm in}=23-25.3$MeV, we determine the $r_{m}({rm EXP})$ from the central values of $sigma_{rm R}$ and take the average for the $r_{m}({rm EXP})$. The averaged value is $r_{m}({rm EXP})=3.471$fm. Eventually, we obtain $r_{rm skin}^{48}({rm EXP})=0.146$fm from $r_{m}({rm EXP})=3.471$fm and $r_p({rm EXP})=3.385$fm.
The reaction cross section $sigma_R$ is useful to determine the neutron radius $R_n$ as well as the matter radius $R_m$. The chiral (Kyushu) $g$-matrix folding model for $^{12}$C scattering on $^{9}$Be, $^{12}$C, $^{27}$Al targets was tested in the incident energy range of $30 lsim E_{rm in} lsim 400 $ MeV, and it is found that the model reliably reproduces the $sigma_R$ in $30 lsim E_{rm in} lsim 100 $ MeV and $250 lsim E_{rm in} lsim 400$ MeV. item[Aim] We determine $R_n$ and the neutron skin thickness $R_{rm skin}$ of ${}^{208}{rm Pb}$ by using high-quality $sigma_R$ data for the $p+{}^{208}{rm Pb}$ scattering in $30 leq E_{rm in} leq 100$ MeV. The theoretical model is the Kyushu $g$-matrix folding model with the densities calculated with Gongny-D1S HFB (GHFB) with the angular momentum projection (AMP). item[Results] The Kyushu $g$-matrix folding model with the GHFB+AMP densities underestimates $sigma_{rm R}$ in $30 leq E_{rm in} leq 100$~MeV only by a factor of 0.97. Since the proton radius $R_p$ calculated with GHFB+AMP agrees with the precise experimental data of 5.444 fm, the small deviation of the theoretical result from the data on $sigma_R$ allows us to scale the GHFB+AMP neutron density so as to reproduce the $sigma_R$ data. In $E_{rm in}$ = 30--100 MeV, the experimental $sigma_R$ data can be reproduced by assuming the neutron radius of ${}^{208}{rm Pb}$ as $R_n$ = $5.722 pm 0.035$ fm. item[Conclusion] The present result $R_{rm skin}$ = $0.278 pm 0.035$ fm is in good agreement with the recent PREX-II result of $r_{rm skin}$ = $0.283pm 0.071$ fm.
The $^{58}$Ni$(n,gamma)^{59}$Ni cross section was measured with a combination of the activation technique and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The neutron activations were performed at the Karlsruhe 3.7 MV Van de Graaff accelerator using the quasi-stellar neutron spectrum at $kT=25$ keV produced by the $^7$Li($p,n$)$^7$Be reaction. The subsequent AMS measurements were carried out at the 14 MV tandem accelerator of the Maier-Leibnitz-Laboratory in Garching using the Gas-filled Analyzing Magnet System (GAMS). Three individual samples were measured, yielding a Maxwellian-averaged cross section at $kT=30$ keV of $langlesigmarangle_{30text{keV}}$= 30.4 (23)$^{syst}$(9)$^{stat}$ mbarn. This value is slightly lower than two recently published measurements using the time-of-flight (TOF) method, but agrees within the uncertainties. Our new results also resolve the large discrepancy between older TOF measurements and our previous value.
Excitation functions of the $^{58}$Ni$(n,p)^{58}$Co$^{m,g}$ reactions were measured in the energy range from 2 to 15 MeV. The energy dependence of the isomeric cross-section ratio R=sigma_m/(sigma_m+sigma_g) is deduced from the measured data. The shape and magnitude of the R(E_n) function are described by model calculations using a consistent parameter set. Questions of the input level scheme were solved based on the accurate isomeric ratio measured at low energy region.