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Register a new userRestrictions of Sobolev $W_{p}^{1}(mathbb{R}^{2})$-spaces to planar rectifiable curves
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Authors
Alexander Tyulenev
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We construct explicit examples of Frostman-type measures concentrated on arbitrary planar rectifiable curves of positive length. Based on such constructions we obtain for each $p in (1,infty)$ an exact description of the trace space of the first-order Sobolev space $W^{1}_{p}(mathbb{R}^{2})$ to an arbitrary planar rectifiable curve $Gamma subset mathbb{R}^{2}$ of positive length.
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Let $S subset mathbb{R}^{n}$ be a~closed set such that for some $d in [0,n]$ and $varepsilon > 0$ the~$d$-Hausdorff content $mathcal{H}^{d}_{infty}(S cap Q(x,r)) geq varepsilon r^{d}$ for all cubes~$Q(x,r)$ centered in~$x in S$ with side length $2r in (0,2]$. For every $p in (1,infty)$, denote by $W_{p}^{1}(mathbb{R}^{n})$ the classical Sobolev space on $mathbb{R}^{n}$. We give an~intrinsic characterization of the restriction $W_{p}^{1}(mathbb{R}^{n})|_{S}$ of the space $W_{p}^{1}(mathbb{R}^{n})$ to~the set $S$ provided that $p > max{1,n-d}$. Furthermore, we prove the existence of a bounded linear operator $operatorname{Ext}:W_{p}^{1}(mathbb{R}^{n})|_{S} to W_{p}^{1}(mathbb{R}^{n})$ such that $operatorname{Ext}$ is right inverse for the usual trace operator. In particular, for $p > n-1$ we characterize the trace space of the Sobolev space $W_{p}^{1}(mathbb{R}^{n})$ to the closure $overline{Omega}$ of an arbitrary open path-connected set~$Omega$. Our results extend those available for $p in (1,n]$ with much more stringent restrictions on~$S$.
Let $S subset mathbb{R}^{n}$ be an arbitrary nonempty compact set such that the $d$-Hausdorff content $mathcal{H}^{d}_{infty}(S) > 0$ for some $d in (0,n]$. For each $p in (max{1,n-d},n]$ an almost sharp intrinsic description of the trace space $W_{p}^{1}(mathbb{R}^{n})|_{S}$ of the Sobolev space $W_{p}^{1}(mathbb{R}^{n})$ is given. Furthermore, for each $p in (max{1,n-d},n]$ and $varepsilon in (0, min{p-(n-d),p-1})$ new bounded linear extension operators from the trace space $W_{p}^{1}(mathbb{R}^{n})|_{S}$ into the space $W_{p-varepsilon}^{1}(mathbb{R}^{n})$ are constructed.
A complete description of traces on $mathbb{R}^{n}$ of functions from the weighted Sobolev space $W^{l}_{1}(mathbb{R}^{n+1},gamma)$, $l in mathbb{N}$, with weight $gamma in A^{rm loc}_{1}(mathbb{R}^{n+1})$ is obtained. In the case $l=1$ the proof of the trace theorems is based on a~special nonlinear algorithm for constructing a~system of tilings of the space~$mathbb R^n$. As the trace of the space $W^1_1(mathbb R^{n+1},gamma)$ we have the new function space $Z({gamma_{k,m}})$.
Wavelet set wavelets were the first examples of wavelets that may not have associated multiresolution analyses. Furthermore, they provided examples of complete orthonormal wavelet systems in $L^2(mathbb{R}^d)$ which only require a single generating wavelet. Although work had been done to smooth these wavelets, which are by definition discontinuous on the frequency domain, nothing had been explicitly done over $mathbb{R}^d$, $d >1$. This paper, along with another one cowritten by the author, finally addresses this issue. Smoothing does not work as expected in higher dimensions. For example, Bin Hans proof of existence of Schwartz class functions which are Parseval frame wavelets and approximate Parseval frame wavelet set wavelets does not easily generalize to higher dimensions. However, a construction of wavelet sets in $hat{mathbb{R}}^d$ which may be smoothed is presented. Finally, it is shown that a commonly used class of functions cannot be the result of convolutional smoothing of a wavelet set wavelet.
We consider spaces of smooth immersed plane curves (modulo translations and/or rotations), equipped with reparameterization invariant weak Riemannian metrics involving second derivatives. This includes the full $H^2$-metric without zero order terms. We find isometries (called $R$-transforms) from some of these spaces into function spaces with simpler weak Riemannian metrics, and we use this to give explicit formulas for geodesics, geodesic distances, and sectional curvatures. We also show how to utilise the isometries to compute geodesics numerically.
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