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We describe algorithms to compute fixed fields, minimal degree splitting fields and towers of radical extensions using Galois group computations. We also describe the computation of geometric Galois groups and their use in computing absolute factorizations.
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We estimate several probability distributions arising from the study of random, monic polynomials of degree $n$ with coefficients in the integers of a general $p$-adic field $K_{mathfrak{p}}$ having residue field with $q= p^f$ elements. We estimate the distribution of the degrees of irreducible factors of the polynomials, with tight error bounds valid when $q> n^2+n$. We also estimate the distribution of Galois groups of such polynomials, showing that for fixed $n$, almost all Galois groups are cyclic in the limit $q to infty$. In particular, we show that the Galois groups are cyclic with probability at least $1 - frac{1}{q}$. We obtain exact formulas in the case of $K_{mathfrak{p}}$ for all $p > n$ when $n=2$ and $n=3$.
In this paper we generalize results of P. Le Duff to genus n hyperelliptic curves. More precisely, let C/Q be a hyperelliptic genus n curve and let J(C) be the associated Jacobian variety. Assume that there exists a prime p such that J(C) has semistable reduction with toric dimension 1 at p. We provide an algorithm to compute a list of primes l (if they exist) such that the Galois representation attached to the l-torsion of J(C) is surjective onto the group GSp(2n, l). In particular we realize GSp(6, l) as a Galois group over Q for all primes l in [11, 500000].
A strategy to address the inverse Galois problem over Q consists of exploiting the knowledge of Galois representations attached to certain automorphic forms. More precisely, if such forms are carefully chosen, they provide compatible systems of Galois representations satisfying some desired properties, e.g. properties that reflect on the image of the members of the system. In this article we survey some results obtained using this strategy.
We generalize toposic Galois theory to higher topoi. We show that locally constant sheaves in a locally (n-1)-connected n-topos are equivalent to representations of its fundamental pro-n-groupoid, and that the latter can be described in terms of Galois torsors. We also show that finite locally constant sheaves in an arbitrary infinity-topos are equivalent to finite representations of its fundamental pro-infinity-groupoid. Finally, we relate the fundamental pro-infinity-groupoid of 1-topoi to the construction of Artin and Mazur and, in the case of the etale topos of a scheme, to its refinement by Friedlander.
For every prime number $pgeq 3$ and every integer $mgeq 1$, we prove the existence of a continuous Galois representation $rho: G_mathbb{Q} rightarrow Gl_m(mathbb{Z}_p)$ which has open image and is unramified outside ${p,infty}$ (resp. outside ${2,p,infty}$) when $pequiv 3$ mod $4$ (resp. $p equiv 1$ mod $4$).
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