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The virtual synchronous generator technology analogs the characteristics of the synchronous generator via the controller design. It improved the stability of the grid systems which include the new energy. At the same time, according to the adjustable characteristics of the virtual synchronous generator parameters, the parameter adaptive adjustment is used to improve the dynamic performance of the system. However, the traditional virtual synchronous generator adaptive control technology still has two drawbacks: on the one hand, the large-scale adjustment of the damping droop coefficient and the virtual moment of inertia requires the system having a high energy storage margin; On the other hand, there is a power overshoot phenomenon in the transient regulation process, which is disadvantageous to the power equipment. First, this paper provides a convenient adjustment method for improving the transient stability of the system, the system damping is adjusted by introducing the output speed feedback. Second, according to the transient power-angle characteristics of the system, a parameter adaptive control strategy is proposed, which shortens the transient adjustment time and ensures that the deviation of the system frequency in the transient adjustment process is within the allowable range, and improves the transient performance of the grid frequency adjustment, at the same time, the power overshoot is suppressed. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed control strategy is superior to the existing adaptive control strategy.
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With the increasing impact of low inertia due to the high penetration of distributed generation, virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology has been proposed to improve the stability of the inverter-interfaced distributed generator by providing virtual inertia. This paper presents a recent review of virtual inertia control covering significance, features, design principles, and state-of-art inertia strategies from both physical and mathematical perspectives to facilitate the wide application of the VSG. The definition and source of virtual inertia are given to help researchers to establish the concept of virtual inertia. Then, this paper covers influencing mechanism studies of virtual inertia to reveal its functions. Also, a design framework of the virtual inertia is established by considering both the characteristics of the control system and the limitation of energy storage systems and renewable energy resources. Finally, several novel adaptive inertia control strategies are reviewed, and some aspects of potential future research are recommended.
In autonomous microgrids frequency regulation (FR) is a critical issue, especially with a high level of penetration of the photovoltaic (PV) generation. In this study, a novel virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control for PV generation was introduced to provide frequency support without energy storage. PV generation reserve a part of the active power in accordance with the pre-defined power versus voltage curve. Based on the similarities of the synchronous generator power-angle characteristic curve and the PV array characteristic curve, PV voltage Vpv can be analogized to the power angle {delta}. An emulated governor (droop control) and the swing equation control is designed and applied to the DC-DC converter. PV voltage deviation is subsequently generated and the pre-defined power versus voltage curve is modified to provide the primary frequency and inertia support. A simulation model of an autonomous microgrid with PV, storage, and diesel generator was built. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed VSG strategy are examined under different operating conditions.
Virtual inertia controllers (VICs) for wind turbine generators (WTGs) have been recently developed to compensate for the reduction of inertia in power systems. However, VICs can induce low-frequency torsional oscillations of the drive train of WTGs. This paper addresses this issue and develops a new nonlinear VIC based on objective holographic feedbacks theory. This approach allows transforming the objectives that require improvement into a completely controllable system of Brunovskys type. Simulation results under various scenarios demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing VICs in terms of suppression of WTG low-frequency drive-train torsional oscillations, enhancement of system frequency nadir as well as fast and smooth recovery of WTG rotor speed to the original MPP before the disturbance. The proposed method is also able to coordinate multiple WTGs.
In this paper we describe the design and implementation of a current controller for a reluctance synchronous machine based on continuous set nonlinear model predictive control. A computationally efficient grey box model of the flux linkage map is employed in a tracking formulation which is implemented using the high-performance framework for nonlinear model predictive control acados. The resulting controller is validated in simulation and deployed on a dSPACE real-time system connected to a physical reluctance synchronous machine. Experimental results are presented where the proposed implementation can reach sampling times in the range typical for electrical drives and can achieve large improvements in terms of control performance with respect to state-of-the-art classical control strategies.
In order to improve dynamic characteristics of the power system with high-proportion renewable energy sources (RESs), it is necessary for the voltage source converter (VSC), interfaces of RESs, to provide inertial and frequency regulation. In practical applications, VSCs are better to be controlled as a current source due to its weak overcurrent capacity. According to the characteristic, a dual synchronous theory is proposed to analyze the synchronization between current sources in this paper. Based on dual synchronous idea, a dual synchronous generator (DSG) control is applied in VSC to form inertial current source. In addition, a braking control is embedded in DSG control to improve the transient stability of VSC. Finally, experimental results verify the effectiveness of the theory and the control method.
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