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Register a new userFederated Learning for Breast Density Classification: A Real-World Implementation
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Building robust deep learning-based models requires large quantities of diverse training data. In this study, we investigate the use of federated learning (FL) to build medical imaging classification models in a real-world collaborative setting. Seven clinical institutions from across the world joined this FL effort to train a model for breast density classification based on Breast Imaging, Reporting & Data System (BI-RADS). We show that despite substantial differences among the datasets from all sites (mammography system, class distribution, and data set size) and without centralizing data, we can successfully train AI models in federation. The results show that models trained using FL perform 6.3% on average better than their counterparts trained on an institutes local data alone. Furthermore, we show a 45.8% relative improvement in the models generalizability when evaluated on the other participating sites testing data.
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Background and Aim: Recently, deep learning using convolutional neural network has been used successfully to classify the images of breast cells accurately. However, the accuracy of manual classification of those histopathological images is comparatively low. This research aims to increase the accuracy of the classification of breast cancer images by utilizing a Patch-Based Classifier (PBC) along with deep learning architecture. Methodology: The proposed system consists of a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) that helps in enhancing and increasing the accuracy of the classification process. This is done by the use of the Patch-based Classifier (PBC). CNN has completely different layers where images are first fed through convolutional layers using hyperbolic tangent function together with the max-pooling layer, drop out layers, and SoftMax function for classification. Further, the output obtained is fed to a patch-based classifier that consists of patch-wise classification output followed by majority voting. Results: The results are obtained throughout the classification stage for breast cancer images that are collected from breast-histology datasets. The proposed solution improves the accuracy of classification whether or not the images had normal, benign, in-situ, or invasive carcinoma from 87% to 94% with a decrease in processing time from 0.45 s to 0.2s on average. Conclusion: The proposed solution focused on increasing the accuracy of classifying cancer in the breast by enhancing the image contrast and reducing the vanishing gradient. Finally, this solution for the implementation of the Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) technique and modified tangent function helps in increasing the accuracy.
Underwater image restoration is of significant importance in unveiling the underwater world. Numerous techniques and algorithms have been developed in the past decades. However, due to fundamental difficulties associated with imaging/sensing, lighting, and refractive geometric distortions, in capturing clear underwater images, no comprehensive evaluations have been conducted of underwater image restoration. To address this gap, we have constructed a large-scale real underwater image dataset, dubbed `HICRD (Heron Island Coral Reef Dataset), for the purpose of benchmarking existing methods and supporting the development of new deep-learning based methods. We employ accurate water parameter (diffuse attenuation coefficient) in generating reference images. There are 2000 reference restored images and 6003 original underwater images in the unpaired training set. Further, we present a novel method for underwater image restoration based on unsupervised image-to-image translation framework. Our proposed method leveraged contrastive learning and generative adversarial networks to maximize the mutual information between raw and restored images. Extensive experiments with comparisons to recent approaches further demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method. Our code and dataset are publicly available at GitHub.
Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in women, and the second main cause of death. Breast cancer screening is an efficient method to detect indeterminate breast lesions early. The common approaches of screening for women are tomosynthesis and mammography images. However, the traditional manual diagnosis requires an intense workload by pathologists, who are prone to diagnostic errors. Thus, the aim of this study is to build a deep convolutional neural network method for automatic detection, segmentation, and classification of breast lesions in mammography images. Based on deep learning the Mask-CNN (RoIAlign) method was developed to features selection and extraction; and the classification was carried out by DenseNet architecture. Finally, the precision and accuracy of the model is evaluated by cross validation matrix and AUC curve. To summarize, the findings of this study may provide a helpful to improve the diagnosis and efficiency in the automatic tumor localization through the medical image classification.
Federated learning is a new machine learning paradigm which allows data parties to build machine learning models collaboratively while keeping their data secure and private. While research efforts on federated learning have been growing tremendously in the past two years, most existing works still depend on pre-existing public datasets and artificial partitions to simulate data federations due to the lack of high-quality labeled data generated from real-world edge applications. Consequently, advances on benchmark and model evaluations for federated learning have been lagging behind. In this paper, we introduce a real-world image dataset. The dataset contains more than 900 images generated from 26 street cameras and 7 object categories annotated with detailed bounding box. The data distribution is non-IID and unbalanced, reflecting the characteristic real-world federated learning scenarios. Based on this dataset, we implemented two mainstream object detection algorithms (YOLO and Faster R-CNN) and provided an extensive benchmark on model performance, efficiency, and communication in a federated learning setting. Both the dataset and algorithms are made publicly available.
In real-world single image super-resolution (SISR) task, the low-resolution image suffers more complicated degradations, not only downsampled by unknown kernels. However, existing SISR methods are generally studied with the synthetic low-resolution generation such as bicubic interpolation (BI), which greatly limits their performance. Recently, some researchers investigate real-world SISR from the perspective of the camera and smartphone. However, except the acquisition equipment, the display device also involves more complicated degradations. In this paper, we focus on the camera-screen degradation and build a real-world dataset (Cam-ScreenSR), where HR images are original ground truths from the previous DIV2K dataset and corresponding LR images are camera-captur
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