No Arabic abstract
In this paper, we study factorizations in the additive monoids of positive algebraic valuations $mathbb{N}_0[alpha]$ of the semiring of polynomials $mathbb{N}_0[X]$ using a methodology introduced by D. D. Anderson, D. F. Anderson, and M. Zafrullah in 1990. A cancellative commutative monoid is atomic if every non-invertible element factors into irreducibles. We begin by determining when $mathbb{N}_0[alpha]$ is atomic, and we give an explicit description of its set of irreducibles. An atomic monoid is a finite factorization monoid (FFM) if every element has only finitely many factorizations (up to order and associates), and it is a bounded factorization monoid (BFM) if for every element there is a bound for the number of irreducibles (counting repetitions) in each of its factorizations. We show that, for the monoid $mathbb{N}_0[alpha]$, the property of being a BFM and the property of being an FFM are equivalent to the ascending chain condition on principal ideals (ACCP). Finally, we give various characterizations for $mathbb{N}_0[alpha]$ to be a unique factorization monoid (UFM), two of them in terms of the minimal polynomial of $alpha$. The properties of being finitely generated, half-factorial, and other-half-factorial are also investigated along the way.
We investigate ideal-semisimple and congruence-semisimple semirings. We give several new characterizations of such semirings using e-projective and e-injective semimodules. We extend several characterizations of semisimple rings to (not necessarily subtractive) commutative semirings.
In this paper, we introduce and study V- and CI-semirings---semirings all of whose simple and cyclic, respectively, semimodules are injective. We describe V-semirings for some classes of semirings and establish some fundamental properties of V-semirings. We show that all Jacobson-semisimple V-semirings are V-rings. We also completely describe the bounded distributive lattices, Gelfand, subtractive, semisimple, and anti-bounded, semirings that are CI-semirings. Applying these results, we give complete characterizations of congruence-simple subtractive and congruence-simple anti-bounded CI-semirings which solve two earlier open problems for these classes of CI-semirings.
Suppose that (K, $ u$) is a valued field, f (z) $in$ K[z] is a unitary and irreducible polynomial and (L, $omega$) is an extension of valued fields, where L = K[z]/(f (z)). Further suppose that A is a local domain with quotient field K such that $ u$ has nonnegative value on A and positive value on its maximal ideal, and that f (z) is in A[z]. This paper is devoted to the problem of describing the structure of the associated graded ring gr $omega$ A[z]/(f (z)) of A[z]/(f (z)) for the filtration defined by $omega$ as an extension of the associated graded ring of A for the filtration defined by $ u$. In particular we give an algorithm which in many cases produces a finite set of elements of A[z]/(f (z)) whose images in gr $omega$ A[z]/(f (z)) generate it as a gr $ u$ A-algebra as well as the relations between them. We also work out the interactions of our method of computation with phenomena which complicate the study of ramification and local uniformization in positive characteristic , such as the non tameness and the defect of an extension. For valuations of rank one in a separable extension of valued fields (K, $ u$) $subset$ (L, $omega$) as above our algorithm produces a generating sequence in a local birational extension A1 of A dominated by $ u$ if and only if there is no defect. In this case, gr $omega$ A1[z]/(f (z)) is a finitely presented gr $ u$ A1-module. This is an improved version, thanks to a referees remarks.
Pseudoexponential fields are exponential fields similar to complex exponentiation satisfying the Schanuel Property, which is the abstract statement of Schanuels Conjecture, and an adapted form of existential closure. Here we show that if we remove the Schanuel Property and just care about existential closure, it is possible to create several existentially closed exponential functions on the algebraic numbers that still have similarities with complex exponentiation. The main difficulties are related to the arithmetic of algebraic numbers, and they can be overcome with known results about specialisations of multiplicatively independent functions on algebraic varieties.
We prove that every non-trivial valuation on an infinite superrosy field of positive characteristic has divisible value group and algebraically closed residue field. In fact, we prove the following more general result. Let $K$ be a field such that for every finite extension $L$ of $K$ and for every natural number $n>0$ the index $[L^*:(L^*)^n]$ is finite and, if $char(K)=p>0$ and $f: L to L$ is given by $f(x)=x^p-x$, the index $[L^+:f[L]]$ is also finite. Then either there is a non-trivial definable valuation on $K$, or every non-trivial valuation on $K$ has divisible value group and, if $char(K)>0$, it has algebraically closed residue field. In the zero characteristic case, we get some partial results of this kind. We also notice that minimal fields have the property that every non-trivial valuation has divisible value group and algebraically closed residue field.