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We study $mathrm{AdS}_3times S^3/mathbb{Z}_ktimes {tilde S}^3/mathbb{Z}_{k}$ solutions to M-theory preserving $mathcal{N}=(0,4)$ supersymmetries, arising as near-horizon limits of M2-M5 brane intersections ending on M5-branes, with both types of five-branes placed on A-type singularities. Solutions in this class asymptote locally to $mathrm{AdS}_7/mathbb{Z}_ktimes {tilde S}^3/mathbb{Z}_{k}$, and can thus be interpreted as holographic duals to surface defect CFTs within the $mathcal{N}=(1,0)$ 6d CFT dual to this solution. Upon reduction to Type IIA, we obtain a new class of solutions of the form $mathrm{AdS}_3times S^3/mathbb{Z}_ktimes S^2 times Sigma_2$ preserving (0,4) supersymmetries. We construct explicit 2d quiver CFTs dual to these solutions, describing D2-D4 surface defects embedded within the 6d (1,0) quiver CFT dual to the $mathrm{AdS}_7/mathbb{Z}_k$ solution to massless IIA. Finally, in the massive case, we show that the recently constructed $mathrm{AdS}_3times S^2times mathrm{CY}_2$ solutions with $mathcal{N}=(0,4)$ supersymmetries gain a defect interpretation when $mathrm{CY}_2=T^4$ as surface CFTs originating from D2-NS5-D6 defects embedded within the 5d CFT dual to the Brandhuber-Oz $mathrm{AdS}_6$ background.
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We study the two-point function of local operators in the presence of a defect in a generic conformal field theory. We define two pairs of cross ratios, which are convenient in the analysis of the OPE in the bulk and defect channel respectively. The new coordinates have a simple geometric interpretation, which can be exploited to efficiently compute conformal blocks in a power expansion. We illustrate this fact in the case of scalar external operators. We also elucidate the convergence properties of the bulk and defect OPE decompositions of the two-point function. In particular, we remark that the expansion of the two-point function in powers of the new cross ratios converges everywhere, a property not shared by the cross ratios customarily used in defect CFT. We comment on the crucial relevance of this fact for the numerical bootstrap.
Defect extremal surface is defined by extremizing the Ryu-Takayanagi formula corrected by the quantum defect theory. This is interesting when the AdS bulk contains a defect brane (or string). We introduce a defect extremal surface formula for reflected entropy, which is a mixed state generalization of entanglement entropy measure. Based on a decomposition procedure of an AdS bulk with a brane, we demonstrate the equivalence between defect extremal surface formula and island formula for reflected entropy in AdS$_3$/BCFT$_2$. We also compute the evolution of reflected entropy in evaporating black hole model and find that defect extremal surface formula agrees with island formula.
We investigate the complexity=volume proposal in the case of Janus AdS$_3$ geometries, both at zero and finite temperature. The leading contribution coming from the Janus interface is a logarithmic divergence, whose coefficient is a function of the dilaton excursion. In the presence of the defect, complexity is no longer topological and becomes temperature-dependent. We also study the time evolution of the extremal volume for the time-dependent Janus BTZ black hole. This background is not dual to an interface but to a pair of entangled CFTs with different values of the couplings. At late times, when the equilibrium is restored, the couplings of the CFTs do not influence the complexity rate. On the contrary, the complexity rate for the out-of-equilibrium system is always smaller compared to the pure BTZ black hole background.
We construct an eternal traversable wormhole connecting two asymptotically $text{AdS}_4$ regions. The wormhole is dual to the ground state of a system of two identical holographic CFTs coupled via a single low-dimension operator. The coupling between the two CFTs leads to negative null energy in the bulk, which supports a static traversable wormhole. As the ground state of a simple Hamiltonian, it may be possible to make these wormholes in the lab or on a quantum computer.
We study quantum corrections to holographic entanglement entropy in AdS$_3$/CFT$_2$; these are given by the bulk entanglement entropy across the Ryu-Takayanagi surface for all fields in the effective gravitational theory. We consider bulk $U(1)$ gauge fields and gravitons, whose dynamics in AdS$_3$ are governed by Chern-Simons terms and are therefore topological. In this case the relevant Hilbert space is that of the edge excitations. A novelty of the holographic construction is that such modes live not only on the bulk entanglement cut but also on the AdS boundary. We describe the interplay of these excitations and provide an explicit map to the appropriate extended Hilbert space. We compute the bulk entanglement entropy for the CFT vacuum state and find that the effect of the bulk entanglement entropy is to renormalize the relation between the effective holographic central charge and Newtons constant. We also consider excited states obtained by acting with the $U(1)$ current on the vacuum, and compute the difference in bulk entanglement entropy between these states and the vacuum. We compute this UV-finite difference both in the bulk and in the CFT finding a perfect agreement.
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