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Register a new userBottomonium suppression and elliptic flow from real-time quantum evolution
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We compute the suppression and elliptic flow of bottomonium using real-time solutions to the Schr{o}dinger equation with a realistic in-medium complex-valued potential. To model the initial production, we assume that, in the limit of heavy quark masses, the wave-function can be described by a lattice-smeared (Gaussian) Dirac delta wave-function. The resulting final-state quantum-mechanical overlaps provide the survival probability of all bottomonium eigenstates. Our results are in good agreement with available data for $R_{AA}$ as a function of $N_{rm part}$ and $p_T$ collected at $sqrt{s_{rm NN}} =$ 5.02 TeV. In the case of $v_2$ for the various states, we find that the path-length dependence of $Upsilon(1s)$ suppression results in quite small $v_2$ for $Upsilon(1s)$. Our prediction for the integrated elliptic flow for $Upsilon(1s)$ in the $10{-}90$% centrality class is $v_2[Upsilon(1s)] = 0.0026 pm 0.0007$. We additionally find that, due to their increased suppression, excited bottomonium states have a larger elliptic flow and we make predictions for $v_2[Upsilon(2s)]$ and $v_2[Upsilon(3s)]$ as a function of centrality and transverse momentum. Similar to prior studies, we find that it is possible for bottomonium states to have negative $v_2$ at low transverse momentum.
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We introduce a framework called Heavy Quarkonium Quantum Dynamics (HQQD) which can be used to compute the dynamical suppression of heavy quarkonia propagating in the quark-gluon plasma using real-time in-medium quantum evolution. Using HQQD we compute large sets of real-time solutions to the Schr{o}dinger equation using a realistic in-medium complex-valued potential. We sample 2 million quarkonia wave packet trajectories and evolve them through the QGP using HQQD to obtain their survival probabilities. The computation is performed using three different HQQD model parameter sets in order to estimate our systematic uncertainty. After taking into account final state feed down we compare our results to existing experimental data for the suppression and elliptic flow of bottomonium states and find that HQQD predictions are good agreement with available data for $R_{AA}$ as a function of $N_{rm part}$ and $p_T$ collected at $sqrt{s_{rm NN}} =$ 5.02 TeV. In the case of $v_2$ for the various states, we find that the path-length dependence of $Upsilon(1s)$ suppression results in quite small $v_2$ for $Upsilon(1s)$. Our prediction for the integrated elliptic flow for $Upsilon(1s)$ in the $10{-}90$% centrality class, which now includes an estimate of the systematic error, is $v_2[Upsilon(1s)]$ = 0.003 $pm$ 0.0007 $pm,^{0.0006}_{0.0013}$. We also find that, due to their increased suppression, excited bottomonium states have a larger elliptic flow. Based on this observation we make predictions for $v_2[Upsilon(2s)]$ and $v_2[Upsilon(3s)]$ as a function of centrality and transverse momentum.
We solve the Lindblad equation describing the Brownian motion of a Coulombic heavy quark-antiquark pair in a strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma using the highly efficient Monte Carlo wave-function method. The Lindblad equation has been derived in the framework of pNRQCD and fully accounts for the quantum and non-Abelian nature of the system. The hydrodynamics of the plasma is realistically implemented through a 3+1D dissipative hydrodynamics code. We compute the bottomonium nuclear modification factor and compare with the most recent LHC data. The computation does not rely on any free parameter, as it depends on two transport coefficients that have been evaluated independently in lattice QCD. Our final results, which include late-time feed down of excited states, agree well with the available data from LHC 5.02 TeV PbPb collisions.
The strong suppression of bottomonia production in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions is a smoking gun for the creation of a deconfined quark-gluon plasma (QGP). In this proceedings contribution, I review recent work that aims to provide a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of bottomonium dynamics in the QGP through the use of pNRQCD and an open quantum systems approach. This approach allows one to evolve the heavy-quarkonium reduced density matrix, taking into account non-unitary effective Hamiltonian evolution of the wave-function and quantum jumps between different angular momentum and color states. In the case of a strong coupled QGP in which E << T,m_D << 1/a_0, the corresponding evolution equation is Markovian and can therefore be mapped to a Lindblad evolution equation. To solve the resulting Lindblad equation, we make use of a stochastic unraveling called the quantum trajectories algorithm and couple the non-abelian quantum evolution to a realistic 3+1D viscous hydrodynamical background. Using a large number of Monte-Carlo sampled bottomonium trajectories, we make predictions for bottomonium R_AA and elliptic flow as a function of centrality and transverse momentum and compare to data collected by the ALICE, ATLAS, and CMS collaborations.
Heavy-flavour quarks are predominantly produced in hard scatterings on a short time-scale and traverse the medium interacting with its constituents, thus they are one of the effective probes of the transport properties of the medium formed in relativistic heavy ion collisions. On the other hand, the thermal production of heavy-flavour quarks in quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is itself of interest. In this report, the production and elliptic flow of the prompt charmed mesons $D^0$, $D^+$, $D^{*+}$ and $J/psi$ in PbPb collisions at the center-of-mass energy 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair are described in the framework of two-component HYDJET++ model. The model combines thermal and pQCD production mechanisms. The spectra and elliptic flow of charmed mesons are presented, the results are compared with LHC data.
We study the propagation of heavy quarks (HQs) in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) by means of a relativistic Boltzmann transport (RBT) approach. The non-perturbative interaction between heavy quarks and light quarks is described by means of a quasi-particle approach able to describe simultaneously the experimental data for the nuclear suppression factor $R_{rm AA}$ and the elliptic flow $v_2(p_T)$ of D mesons from RHIC to LHC energies. In the same framework we predict the B meson nuclear modification factor at LHC. Finally, we discuss the relevance of initial state fluctuations that allows to extend the analysis to high order anisotropic flows $v_n(p_T)$ as well as to investigate the role of QCD interaction in developing correlations between the light and the heavy flavour anisotropic flows.
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