No Arabic abstract
As a concrete application of multi-view learning, multi-view classification improves the traditional classification methods significantly by integrating various views optimally. Although most of the previous efforts have been demonstrated the superiority of multi-view learning, it can be further improved by comprehensively embedding more powerful cross-view interactive information and a more reliable multi-view fusion strategy in intensive studies. To fulfill this goal, we propose a novel multi-view learning framework to make the multi-view classification better aimed at the above-mentioned two aspects. That is, we seamlessly embed various intra-view information, cross-view multi-dimension bilinear interactive information, and a new view ensemble mechanism into a unified framework to make a decision via the optimization. In particular, we train different deep neural networks to learn various intra-view representations, and then dynamically learn multi-dimension bilinear interactive information from different bilinear similarities via the bilinear function between views. After that, we adaptively fuse the representations of multiple views by flexibly tuning the parameters of the view-weight, which not only avoids the trivial solution of weight but also provides a new way to select a few discriminative views that are beneficial to make a decision for the multi-view classification. Extensive experiments on six publicly available datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Reliable seed yield estimation is an indispensable step in plant breeding programs geared towards cultivar development in major row crops. The objective of this study is to develop a machine learning (ML) approach adept at soybean [textit{Glycine max} L. (Merr.)] pod counting to enable genotype seed yield rank prediction from in-field video data collected by a ground robot. To meet this goal, we developed a multi-view image-based yield estimation framework utilizing deep learning architectures. Plant images captured from different angles were fused to estimate the yield and subsequently to rank soybean genotypes for application in breeding decisions. We used data from controlled imaging environment in field, as well as from plant breeding test plots in field to demonstrate the efficacy of our framework via comparing performance with manual pod counting and yield estimation. Our results demonstrate the promise of ML models in making breeding decisions with significant reduction of time and human effort, and opening new breeding methods avenues to develop cultivars.
The goal of multi-modal learning is to use complimentary information on the relevant task provided by the multiple modalities to achieve reliable and robust performance. Recently, deep learning has led significant improvement in multi-modal learning by allowing for the information fusion in the intermediate feature levels. This paper addresses a problem of designing robust deep multi-modal learning architecture in the presence of imperfect modalities. We introduce deep fusion architecture for object detection which processes each modality using the separate convolutional neural network (CNN) and constructs the joint feature map by combining the intermediate features from the CNNs. In order to facilitate the robustness to the degraded modalities, we employ the gated information fusion (GIF) network which weights the contribution from each modality according to the input feature maps to be fused. The weights are determined through the convolutional layers followed by a sigmoid function and trained along with the information fusion network in an end-to-end fashion. Our experiments show that the proposed GIF network offers the additional architectural flexibility to achieve robust performance in handling some degraded modalities, and show a significant performance improvement based on Single Shot Detector (SSD) for KITTI dataset using the proposed fusion network and data augmentation schemes.
Multi-view clustering, a long-standing and important research problem, focuses on mining complementary information from diverse views. However, existing works often fuse multiple views representations or handle clustering in a common feature space, which may result in their entanglement especially for visual representations. To address this issue, we present a novel VAE-based multi-view clustering framework (Multi-VAE) by learning disentangled visual representations. Concretely, we define a view-common variable and multiple view-peculiar variables in the generative model. The prior of view-common variable obeys approximately discrete Gumbel Softmax distribution, which is introduced to extract the common cluster factor of multiple views. Meanwhile, the prior of view-peculiar variable follows continuous Gaussian distribution, which is used to represent each views peculiar visual factors. By controlling the mutual information capacity to disentangle the view-common and view-peculiar representations, continuous visual information of multiple views can be separated so that their common discrete cluster information can be effectively mined. Experimental results demonstrate that Multi-VAE enjoys the disentangled and explainable visual representations, while obtaining superior clustering performance compared with state-of-the-art methods.
In this paper, we propose a novel Joint framework for Deep Multi-view Clustering (DMJC), where multiple deep embedded features, multi-view fusion mechanism and clustering assignments can be learned simultaneously. Our key idea is that the joint learning strategy can sufficiently exploit clustering-friendly multi-view features and useful multi-view complementary information to improve the clustering performance. How to realize the multi-view fusion in such a joint framework is the primary challenge. To do so, we design two ingenious variants of deep multi-view joint clustering models under the proposed framework, where multi-view fusion is implemented by two different schemes. The first model, called DMJC-S, performs multi-view fusion in an implicit way via a novel multi-view soft assignment distribution. The second model, termed DMJC-T, defines a novel multi-view auxiliary target distribution to conduct the multi-view fusion explicitly. Both DMJC-S and DMJC-T are optimized under a KL divergence like clustering objective. Experiments on six challenging image datasets demonstrate the superiority of both DMJC-S and DMJC-T over single/multi-view baselines and the state-of-the-art multiview clustering methods, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed DMJC framework. To our best knowledge, this is the first work to model the multi-view clustering in a deep joint framework, which will provide a meaningful thinking in unsupervised multi-view learning.
Previous Online Knowledge Distillation (OKD) often carries out mutually exchanging probability distributions, but neglects the useful representational knowledge. We therefore propose Multi-view Contrastive Learning (MCL) for OKD to implicitly capture correlations of feature embeddings encoded by multiple peer networks, which provide various views for understanding the input data instances. Benefiting from MCL, we can learn a more discriminative representation space for classification than previous OKD methods. Experimental results on image classification demonstrate that our MCL-OKD outperforms other state-of-the-art OKD methods by large margins without sacrificing additional inference cost. Codes are available at https://github.com/winycg/MCL-OKD.