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Register a new userDeep Generative Modeling for Mechanistic-based Learning and Design of Metamaterial Systems
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Liwei Wang
Publication date
2020
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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Metamaterials are emerging as a new paradigmatic material system to render unprecedented and tailorable properties for a wide variety of engineering applications. However, the inverse design of metamaterial and its multiscale system is challenging due to high-dimensional topological design space, multiple local optima, and high computational cost. To address these hurdles, we propose a novel data-driven metamaterial design framework based on deep generative modeling. A variational autoencoder (VAE) and a regressor for property prediction are simultaneously trained on a large metamaterial database to map complex microstructures into a low-dimensional, continuous, and organized latent space. We show in this study that the latent space of VAE provides a distance metric to measure shape similarity, enable interpolation between microstructures and encode meaningful patterns of variation in geometries and properties. Based on these insights, systematic data-driven methods are proposed for the design of microstructure, graded family, and multiscale system. For microstructure design, the tuning of mechanical properties and complex manipulations of microstructures are easily achieved by simple vector operations in the latent space. The vector operation is further extended to generate metamaterial families with a controlled gradation of mechanical properties by searching on a constructed graph model. For multiscale metamaterial systems design, a diverse set of microstructures can be rapidly generated using VAE for target properties at different locations and then assembled by an efficient graph-based optimization method to ensure compatibility between adjacent microstructures. We demonstrate our framework by designing both functionally graded and heterogeneous metamaterial systems that achieve desired distortion behaviors.
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In this work, we develop DeepWiPHY, a deep learning-based architecture to replace the channel estimation, common phase error (CPE) correction, sampling rate offset (SRO) correction, and equalization modules of IEEE 802.11ax based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) receivers. We first train DeepWiPHY with a synthetic dataset, which is generated using representative indoor channel models and includes typical radio frequency (RF) impairments that are the source of nonlinearity in wireless systems. To further train and evaluate DeepWiPHY with real-world data, we develop a passive sniffing-based data collection testbed composed of Universal Software Radio Peripherals (USRPs) and commercially available IEEE 802.11ax products. The comprehensive evaluation of DeepWiPHY with synthetic and real-world datasets (110 million synthetic OFDM symbols and 14 million real-world OFDM symbols) confirms that, even without fine-tuning the neural networks architecture parameters, DeepWiPHY achieves comparable performance to or outperforms the conventional WLAN receivers, in terms of both bit error rate (BER) and packet error rate (PER), under a wide range of channel models, signal-to-noise (SNR) levels, and modulation schemes.
Locally resonant elastic metamaterials (LREM) can be designed, by optimizing the geometry of the constituent self-repeating unit cells, to potentially damp out vibration in selected frequency ranges, thus yielding desired bandgaps. However, it remains challenging to quickly arrive at unit cell designs that satisfy any requested bandgap specifications within a given global frequency range. This paper develops a computationally efficient framework for (fast) inverse design of LREM, by integrating a new type of machine learning models called invertible neural networks or INN. An INN can be trained to predict the bandgap bounds as a function of the unit cell design, and interestingly at the same time it learns to predict the unit cell design given a bandgap, when executed in reverse. In our case the unit cells are represented in terms of the widths of the outer matrix and middle soft filler layer of the unit cell. Training data on the frequency response of the unit cell is provided by Bloch dispersion analyses. The trained INN is used to instantaneously retrieve feasible (or near feasible) inverse designs given a specified bandgap constraint, which is then used to initialize a forward constrained optimization (based on sequential quadratic programming) to find the bandgap satisfying unit cell with minimum mass. Case studies show favorable performance of this approach, in terms of the bandgap characteristics and minimized mass, when compared to the median scenario over ten randomly initialized optimizations for the same specified bandgaps. Further analysis using FEA verify the bandgap performance of a finite structure comprised of $8times 8$ arrangement of the unit cells obtained with INN-accelerated inverse design.
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