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Register a new userConducting flat drops in a confining potential
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We study a geometric variational problem arising from modeling two-dimensional charged drops of a perfectly conducting liquid in the presence of an external potential. We characterize the semicontinuous envelope of the energy in terms of a parameter measuring the relative strength of the Coulomb interaction. As a consequence, when the potential is confining and the Coulomb repulsion strength is below a critical value, we show existence and partial regularity of volume-constrained minimizers. We also derive the Euler--Lagrange equation satisfied by regular critical points, expressing the first variation of the Coulombic energy in terms of the normal $frac12$-derivative of the capacitary potential.
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We study linear inhomogeneous kinetic equations with an external confining potential and a collision operator with several local conservation laws (local density, momentum and energy). We exhibit all equilibria and entropy-maximizing special modes, and we prove asymptotic exponential convergence of solutions to them with quantitative rate. This is the first complete picture of hypocoercivity and quantitative $H$-theorem for inhomogeneous kinetic equations in this setting.
In this paper we prove existence, uniqueness and regularity of certain perturbed (subsonic--supersonic) transonic potential flows in a two-dimensional Riemannian manifold with convergent-divergent metric, which is an approximate model of the de Laval nozzle in aerodynamics. The result indicates that transonic flows obtained by quasi-one-dimensional flow model in fluid dynamics are stable with respect to the perturbation of the velocity potential function at the entry (i.e., tangential velocity along the entry) of the nozzle. The proof is based upon linear theory of elliptic-hyperbolic mixed type equations in physical space and a nonlinear iteration method.
The Benjamin Ono equation with a slowly varying potential is $$ text{(pBO)} qquad u_t + (Hu_x-Vu + tfrac12 u^2)_x=0 $$ with $V(x)=W(hx)$, $0< h ll 1$, and $Win C_c^infty(mathbb{R})$, and $H$ denotes the Hilbert transform. The soliton profile is $$Q_{a,c}(x) = cQ(c(x-a)) ,, text{ where } Q(x) = frac{4}{1+x^2}$$ and $ain mathbb{R}$, $c>0$ are parameters. For initial condition $u_0(x)$ to (pBO) close to $Q_{0,1}(x)$, it was shown in a previous work by Z. Zhang that the solution $u(x,t)$ to (pBO) remains close to $Q_{a(t),c(t)}(x)$ and approximate parameter dynamics for $(a,c)$ were provided, on a dynamically relevant time scale. In this paper, we prove exact $(a,c)$ parameter dynamics. This is achieved using the basic framework of the previous work by Z. Zhang but adding a local virial estimate for the linearization of (pBO) around the soliton. This is a local-in-space estimate averaged in time, often called a local smoothing estimate, showing that effectively the remainder function in the perturbation analysis is smaller near the soliton than globally in space. A weaker version of this estimate is proved in a paper by Kenig & Martel as part of a ``linear Liouville result, and we have adapted and extended their proof for our application.
We consider several limiting cases of the joint probability distribution for a random matrix ensemble with an additional interaction term controlled by an exponent $gamma$ (called the $gamma$-ensembles). The effective potential, which is essentially the single-particle confining potential for an equivalent ensemble with $gamma=1$ (called the Muttalib-Borodin ensemble), is a crucial quantity defined in solution to the Riemann-Hilbert problem associated with the $gamma$-ensembles. It enables us to numerically compute the eigenvalue density of $gamma$-ensembles for all $gamma > 0$. We show that one important effect of the two-particle interaction parameter $gamma$ is to generate or enhance the non-monotonicity in the effective single-particle potential. For suitable choices of the initial single-particle potentials, reducing $gamma$ can lead to a large non-monotonicity in the effective potential, which in turn leads to significant changes in the density of eigenvalues. For a disordered conductor, this corresponds to a systematic decrease in the conductance with increasing disorder. This suggests that appropriate models of $gamma$-ensembles can be used as a possible framework to study the effects of disorder on the distribution of conductances.
For an upstream supersonic flow past a straight-sided cone in $R^3$ whose vertex angle is less than the critical angle, a transonic (supersonic-subsonic) shock-front attached to the cone vertex can be formed in the flow. In this paper we analyze the stability of transonic shock-fronts in three-dimensional steady potential flow past a perturbed cone. We establish that the self-similar transonic shock-front solution is conditionally stable in structure with respect to the conical perturbation of the cone boundary and the upstream flow in appropriate function spaces. In particular, it is proved that the slope of the shock-front tends asymptotically to the slope of the unperturbed self-similar shock-front downstream at infinity.
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