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Register a new userMagnetic phase transitions in Eu(Co,Ni)2As2 single crystals
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The effects of Ni doping in Eu(Co{1-x}Ni{x})2As2 single crystals with x =0 to 1 grown out of self flux are investigated via crystallographic, electronic transport, magnetic, and thermal measurements. All compositions adopt the body-centered-tetragonal ThCr2Si2 structure with space group I4/mmm. We also find 3-4% of randomly-distributed vacancies on the Co/Ni site. Anisotropic magnetic susceptibility chi(T) data versus temperature T show clear signatures of an antiferromagnetic (AFM) c-axis helix structure associated with the Eu{+2} spins-7/2 for x = 0 and x = 1 as previously reported. The chi(T) data for x = 0.03 and 0.10 suggest an anomalous 2q magnetic structure containing two helix axes along the c axis and in the ab plane, respectively, whereas for x = 0.75 and 0.82, a c-axis helix is inferred as previously found for x = 0 and 1. At intermediate compositions x = 0.2, 0.32, 0.42, 0.54, and 0.65 a magnetic structure with a large ferromagnetic (FM) c-axis component is found from magnetization versus field isotherms, suggested to be an incommensurate FM cone structure associated with the Eu spins, which consists of both AFM and FM components. In addition, the chi(T) and heat capacity data for x = 0.2--0.65 indicate the occurrence of itinerant FM order associated with the Co/Ni atoms with Curie temperatures from 60 K to 25 K, respectively. Electrical resistivity measurements indicate metallic character for all compositions with abrupt increases in slope on cooling below the Eu AFM transition temperatures. In addition to this panoply of magnetic transitions, {151}Eu Mossbauer measurements indicate that ordering of the Eu moments proceeds via an incommensurate sine amplitude-modulated structure with additional transition temperatures associated with this effect.
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The magnetic ground state of the Eu$^{2+}$ moments in a series of Eu(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$)$_{2}$As$_{2}$ single crystals grown from the Sn flux has been investigated in detail by neutron diffraction measurements. Combined with the results from the macroscopic properties (resistivity, magnetic susceptibility and specific heat) measurements, a phase diagram describing how the Eu magnetic order evolves with Co doping in Eu(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$)$_{2}$As$_{2}$ is established. The ground-state magnetic structure of the Eu$^{2+}$ spins is found to develop from the A-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) order in the parent compound, via the A-type canted AFM structure with some net ferromagnetic (FM) moment component along the crystallographic $mathit{c}$ direction at intermediate Co doping levels, finally to the pure FM order at relatively high Co doping levels. The ordering temperature of Eu declines linearly at first, reaches the minimum value of 16.5(2) K around $mathit{x}$ = 0.100(4), and then reverses upwards with further Co doping. The doping-induced modification of the indirect Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction between the Eu$^{2+}$ moments, which is mediated by the conduction $mathit{d}$ electrons on the (Fe,Co)As layers, as well as the change of the strength of the direct interaction between the Eu$^{2+}$ and Fe$^{2+}$ moments, might be responsible for the change of the magnetic ground state and the ordering temperature of the Eu sublattice. In addition, for Eu(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$)$_{2}$As$_{2}$ single crystals with 0.10 $leqslant$ $mathit{x}$ $leqslant$ 0.18, strong ferromagnetism from the Eu sublattice is well developed in the superconducting state, where a spontaneous vortex state is expected to account for the compromise between the two competing phenomena.
Electron-doped Sr(Co{1-x}Ni{x})2As2 single crystals with compositions x = 0 to 0.9 were grown out of self-flux and SrNi2As2 single crystals out of Bi flux. The crystals were characterized using single-crystal x-ray diffraction (XRD), magnetic susceptibility chi(H,T), isothermal magnetization M(H,T), heat capacity Cp(H,T), and electrical resistivity ho(H,T) measurements versus applied magnetic field H and temperature T. The chi(T) data show that the crystals exhibit an antiferromagnetic (AFM) ground state almost immediately upon Ni doping on the Co site. Ab-initio electronic-structure calculations for x = 0 and x = 0.15 indicate that a flat band with a peak in the density of states just above the Fermi energy is responsible for this initial magnetic-ordering behavior on Ni doping. The Curie-Weiss-like T dependence of chi in the paramagnetic (PM) state indicates dominant ferromagnetic (FM) interactions. The small ordered moments ~0.1 muB per transition metal atom and the values of the Rhodes-Wohlfarth ratio indicate that the magnetism is itinerant. The Cp(T) at low T exhibits Fermi-liquid behavior for 0 < x < 0.15 whereas an evolution to a logarithmic non-Fermi-liquid (NFL) behavior is found for x = 0.2 to 0.3. The logarithmic dependence is suppressed in an applied magnetic field. The low- T rho(H = 0,T) data show a T^2 dependence for 0 < x < 0.20 and a power-law dependence with n < 2 for x = 0.20 and 0.30. These low-T NFL behaviors observed in the Cp and rho measurements are most evident near the quantum-critical concentration x ~ 0.3 at which a T = 0 composition-induced transition from the AFM phase to the PM phase occurs.
Single crystals of Ca[Co_(2-x)Ir_(x)]_(2-y)As2 with 0 <= x <= 0.35 and 0.10 <= y <= 0.14 have been grown using the self-flux technique and characterized by single-crystal x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, magnetization M and magnetic susceptibility chi measurements versus temperature T, magnetic field H, and time t, and heat capacity Cp(H,T) measurements. The XRD refinements reveal that all the Ir-substituted crystals crystallize in a collapsed-tetragonal structure as does the parent CaCo_(2-y)As2 compound. A small 3.3% Ir substitution for Co in CaCo_(1.86)As2 drastically lowers the A-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition temperature TN from 52 to 23 K with a significant enhancement of the Sommerfeld electronic heat-capacity coefficient. The positive Weiss temperatures obtained from Curie-Weiss fits to the chi(T>TN) data indicate that the dominant magnetic interactions are ferromagnetic (FM) for all x. A magnetic phase boundary is inferred to be present between x = 0.14 and x = 0.17 from a discontinuity in the x dependences of the effective moment and Weiss temperature in the Curie-Weiss fits. FM fluctuations that strongly increase with increasing x are also revealed from the chi(T) data. The magnetic ground state for x >= 0.17 is a spin glass as indicated by hysteresis in chi(T) between field-cooling and zero-field-cooling measurements and from the relaxation of M in a small field that exhibits a stretched-exponential time dependence. The spin glass has a small FM component to the ordering and is hence inferred to be comprised of small FM clusters. A logarithmic T dependence of Cp at low T for x = 0.14 is consistent with the presence of significant FM quantum fluctuations. This composition is near the T = 0 boundary at x = 0.16 between the A-type AFM phase containing ferromagnetically-aligned layers of spins and the FM cluster-glass phase.
We propose a phase diagram for FexBi2Te3 (0 < x < 0.1) single crystals, which belong to a class of magnetically bulk-doped topological insulators. The evolution of magnetic correlations from ferromagnetic- to antiferromagnetic- gives rise to topological phase transitions, where the paramagnetic topological insulator of Bi2Te3 turns into a band insulator with ferromagnetic-cluster glassy behaviours around x ~ 0.025, and it further evolves to a topological insulator with valence-bond glassy behaviours, which spans over the region between x ~ 0.03 up to x ~ 0.1. This phase diagram is verified by measuring magnetization, magnetotransport, and angle-resolved photoemission spectra with theoretical discussions.
Microscopic, structural, transport and thermodynamic measurements of single crystalline Ba(Fe1-xTMx)2As2 (TM = Ni and Cu) series, as well as two mixed TM = Cu / Co series, are reported. All the transport and thermodynamic measurements indicate that the structural and magnetic phase transitions at 134 K in pure BaFe2As2 are monotonically suppressed and increasingly separated in a similar manner by these dopants. In the Ba(Fe1-xNix)2As2 (x =< 0.072), superconductivity, with Tc up to 19 K, is stabilized for 0.024 =< x =< 0.072. In the Ba(Fe1-xCux)2As2 (x =< 0.356) series, although the structural and magnetic transitions are suppressed, there is only a very limited region of superconductivity: a sharp drop of the resistivity to zero near 2.1 K is found only for the x = 0.044 samples. In the Ba(Fe1-x-yCoxCuy)2As2 series, superconductivity, with Tc values up to 12 K (x ~ 0.022 series) and 20 K (x ~ 0.047 series), is stabilized. Quantitative analysis of the detailed temperature-dopant concentration (T-x) and temperature-extra electrons (T-e) phase diagrams of these series shows that there exists a limited range of the number of extra electrons added, inside which the superconductivity can be stabilized if the structural and magnetic phase transitions are suppressed enough. Moreover, comparison with pressure-temperature phase diagram data, for samples spanning the whole doping range, further reenforces the conclusion that suppression of the structural / magnetic phase transition temperature enhances Tc on the underdoped side, but for the overdoped side Tcmax is determined by e. Therefore, by choosing the combination of dopants that are used, we can adjust the relative positions of the upper phase lines (structural and magnetic phase transitions) and the superconducting dome to control the occurrence and disappearance of the superconductivity in transition metal, electron-doped BaFe2As2.
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