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Register a new user$P$--$Q$ mixed modular equations of degree 15
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Ramanujan in his second notebook recorded total of seven $P$--$Q$ modular equations involving theta--function $f(-q)$ with moduli of orders 1, 3, 5 and 15. In this paper, modular equations analogous to those recorded by Ramanujan are obtained involving his theta--functions $varphi(q)$ and $psi(-q)$ with moduli of orders 1, 3, 5 and 15. As a consequence, several values of quotients of theta--function and a continued fraction of order 12 are explicitly evaluated.
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In his second notebook, Ramanujan recorded total of 23 P-Q modular equations involving theta-functions $f(-q)$, $varphi(q)$ and $psi(q)$. In this paper, modular equations analogous to those recorded by Ramanujan are obtained involving $f(-q)$. As a consequence, values of certain quotients of theta-function are evaluated.
In the proposed work, we establish a total of six new $P$--$Q$ modular equations involving theta--function $f(-q)$ with moduli of orders 1, 3, 7 and 21.These equations can be regarded as modular identities in the alternate theory of signature 3. As a consequence, several values of quotients of theta--function are evaluated.
We show that for primes $N, p geq 5$ with $N equiv -1 bmod p$, the class number of $mathbb{Q}(N^{1/p})$ is divisible by $p$. Our methods are via congruences between Eisenstein series and cusp forms. In particular, we show that when $N equiv -1 bmod p$, there is always a cusp form of weight $2$ and level $Gamma_0(N^2)$ whose $ell$-th Fourier coefficient is congruent to $ell + 1$ modulo a prime above $p$, for all primes $ell$. We use the Galois representation of such a cusp form to explicitly construct an unramified degree $p$ extension of $mathbb{Q}(N^{1/p})$.
We develop the theory of $p$-adic confluence of $q$-difference equations. The main result is the surprising fact that, in the $p$-adic framework, a function is solution of a differential equation if and only if it is solution of a $q$-difference equation. This fact implies an equivalence, called ``Confluence, between the category of differential equations and those of $q$-difference equations. We obtain this result by introducing a category of ``sheaves on the disk $mathrm{D}^-(1,1)$, whose stalk at 1 is a differential equation, the stalk at $q$ is a $q$-difference equation if $q$ is not a root of unity $xi$, and the stalk at a root of unity is a mixed object, formed by a differential equation and an action of $sigma_xi$.
We solve the diophantine equations x^4 + d y^2 = z^p for d=2 and d=3 and any prime p>349 and p>131 respectively. The method consists in generalizing the ideas applied by Frey, Ribet and Wiles in the solution of Fermats Last Theorem, and by Ellenberg in the solution of the equation x^4 + y^2 = z^p, and we use Q-curves, modular forms and inner twists. In principle our method can be applied to solve this type of equations for other values of d.
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